Do Code of Points in men artistic gymnastics and women artistic gymnastics favor asymmetric elements?

ČUK, Ivan

doi:10.1590/1807-55092016000100009

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BIODINÂMICA • Rev Bras Educ Fís Esporte 30 (1) • Jan-Mar 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-55092016000100009 copy

Do Code of Points in men artistic gymnastics and women artistic gymnastics favor asymmetric elements?

O Código de Pontuação na ginástica artística feminina e masculina favorecem elementos assimétricos?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The purpose of research was to determine whether Code of Point (COP) in Men Artistic Gymnastics (MAG) and Women Artistic Gymnastics (WAG) favor asymmetric elements in order to build gymnast’s competition exercise. All elements which are described in MAG (N = 993) and WAG (N = 713) COP were included and defined if they are symmetric at start position, during movement and at final position. Element is symmetric by arms and trunk with legs activity when all left and right body side performs simultaneously same activity. Results show in MAG COP as a whole is significantly more asymmetric elements with asymmetric trunk and legs activity. In WAG COP as a whole is significantly more asymmetric elements with asymmetric activity of arms, trunk and legs. Hypothetical most difficulty exercises on each apparatus revealed that in general for all around gymnast proportion between asymmetric and symmetric elements is close to 70% to 30%, what suggests that difficulty relates to increased asymmetry. COP in MAG and WAG enforces asymmetric movements for achieving high results, however, coaches’ task is to be aware of COP influence on gymnasts’ health and minimize asymmetries in load and to work on symmetric conditioning.

KEY WORDS
Health; Injuries; Symmetric; Activity

Variable		N	Asymmetric (%)	Symmetric (%)	Chi square	Sig.
MAG arms		993	59.5	40.5	3.61	n.s.
MAG legs		993	61.4	38.6	5.19	p < 0.05
MFX arms		196	55.1	44.9	1.04	n.s.
	Group 1	75	42.7	57.3	2.13	n.s.
	Group 2	48	37.5	62.5	6.25	p < 0.05
	Group 3	37	59.5	40.5	3.61	n.s.
	Group 4	36	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
MFX legs		196	67.3	32.7	11.97	p < 0.05
	Group 1	75	57.3	42.7	2.13	n.s.
	Group 2	48	58.3	41.7	2.75	n.s.
	Group 3	37	67.6	32.4	12.39	p < 0.05
	Group 4	36	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
MPH arms		133	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 1	25	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 2	29	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 3	30	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 4	37	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 5	12	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
MPH legs		133	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 1	25	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 2	29	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 3	30	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 4	37	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 5	12	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
MRI arms		176	15.9	84.1	46.51	p < 0.05
	Group 1	40	0	100	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 2	6	0	100	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 3	31	0	100	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 4	60	0	100	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 5	39	71.8	28.2	19.00	p < 0.05
MRI legs		176	15.9	84.1	46.51	p < 0.05
	Group 1	40	0	100	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 2	6	0	100	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 3	31	0	100	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 4	60	0	100	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 5	39	71.8	28.2	19.00	p < 0.05
MVT arms		104	94.2	5.8	78.14	p < 0.05
	Group 1	33	81.8	18.2	40.44	p < 0.05
	Group 2	23	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 3	18	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 4	16	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 5	14	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
MVT legs		104	94.2	5.8	78.14	p < 0.05
	Group 1	33	81.8	18.2	40.44	p < 0.05
	Group 2	23	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 3	18	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 4	16	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 5	14	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
MPB arms		186	58.1	41.9	2.62	n.s.
	Group 1	65	66.2	33.8	10.49	p < 0.05
	Group 2	28	53.6	46.4	0.51	n.s.
	Group 3	37	45.9	54.1	0.67	n.s.
	Group 4	33	45.9	54.5	0.74	n.s.
	Group 5	23	78.3	21.7	32.03	p < 0.05
MPB legs		186	56.5	43.5	1.69	n.s.
	Group 1	65	64.6	35.4	8.52	p < 0.05
	Group 2	28	53.6	46.4	0.51	n.s.
	Group 3	37	40.5	59.5	3.61	n.s.
	Group 4	33	45.5	54.5	0.81	n.s.
	Group 5	23	78.3	21.7	32.03	p < 0.05
MHB arms		198	61.6	38.4	5.38	p < 0.05
	Group 1	27	77.8	22.2	30.91	p < 0.05
	Group 2	58	51.7	48.3	0.11	n.s.
	Group 3	34	64.7	35.3	8.64	p < 0.05
	Group 4	22	45.5	54.5	0.81	n.s.
	Group 5	57	68.4	31.6	13.54	p < 0.05
MHB legs		198	60.6	39.4	4.49	p < 0.05
	Group 1	27	70.4	39.6	10.48	p < 0.05
	Group 2	58	51.7	48.3	0.11	n.s.
	Group 3	34	64.7	35.3	8.64	p < 0.05
	Group 4	22	45.5	54.5	0.81	n.s.
	Group 5	57	68.4	31.6	13.54	p < 0.05

Variable		N	Asymmetric (%)	Symmetric (%)	Chi square	Sig.
WAG arms		719	64.8	35.2	8.76	p < 0.05
WAG legs		719	74.1	25.9	23.23	p < 0.05
WVT arms		79	92.4	7.6	71.91	p < 0.05
	Group 1	21	90.5	9.5	65.61	p < 0.05
	Group 2	15	73.3	26.7	21.71	p < 0.05
	Group 3	12	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 4	19	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 5	12	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
WVT legs		79	92.4	7.6	71.91	p < 0.05
	Group 1	21	90.5	9.5	65.61	p < 0.05
	Group 2	15	73.3	26.7	21.71	p < 0.05
	Group 3	12	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 4	19	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 5	12	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
WUB arms		239	52.7	47.3	0.29	n.s.
	Group 1	36	52.8	47.2	0.31	n.s.
	Group 2	26	46.2	53.8	0.57	n.s.
	Group 3	40	67.5	32.5	12.25	p < 0.05
	Group 4	36	38.9	61.1	4.92	p < 0.05
	Group 5	41	31.7	68.3	13.39	p < 0.05
	Group 6	60	68.3	31.7	13.39	p < 0.05
WUB legs		239	52.3	47.7	0.21	n.s.
	Group 1	36	52.8	47.2	0.31	n.s.
	Group 2	26	46.2	53.8	0.57	n.s.
	Group 3	40	67.5	32.5	12.25	p < 0.05
	Group 4	36	38.9	61.1	4.92	p < 0.05
	Group 5	41	29.3	70.7	17.13	p < 0.05
	Group 6	60	68.3	31.7	13.39	p < 0.05
WBB arms		261	62.8	37.2	6.55	p < 0.05
	Group 1	74	59.5	40.5	3.61	n.s.
	Group 2	48	60.4	39.6	4.32	p < 0.05
	Group 3	26	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 4	30	46.7	53.3	0.43	n.s.
	Group 5	46	52.2	47.8	0.19	n.s.
	Group 6	37	73.0	27	21.16	p < 0.05
WBB legs		261	82.0	18.0	40.96	p < 0.05
	Group 1	74	74.3	25.7	23.61	p < 0.05
	Group 2	48	83.3	16.7	44.35	p < 0.05
	Group 3	26	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 4	30	86.7	13.3	53.87	p < 0.05
	Group 5	46	78.3	21.7	32.03	p < 0.05
	Group 6	37	83.8	16.2	45.69	p < 0.05
WFX arms		140	73.6	26.4	22.27	p < 0.05
	Group 1	59	69.5	30.5	15.21	p < 0.05
	Group 2	18	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 3	18	66.7	33.3	11.15	p < 0.05
	Group 4	24	75.0	25.0	25.00	p < 0.05
	Group 5	21	66.7	33.3	11.15	p < 0.05
WFX legs		140	86.4	13.6	52.99	p < 0.05
	Group 1	59	91.5	8.5	68.89	p < 0.05
	Group 2	18	100	0	100.00	p < 0.05
	Group 3	18	72.2	27.8	19.71	p < 0.05
	Group 4	24	83.3	16.7	44.35	p < 0.05
	Group 5	21	76.2	23.6	27.66	p < 0.05

Element	MFX	MPH	MRI	MVT	MPB	MHB
1	III,36,F,A	I,4,D,A	IV,48,F,S	I,48,6.4,A	I,30,F,A	II,66,G,A
2	IV,12,F,A	II, 54, G,A	IV,72,F,S	II,38,6.4,A	II,12,G,A	II,78,G,A
3	III, 24,F,A	IV,65+2flops, G,A	IV,60,F,S		II,18,F,A	II,96,G,A
4	IV, 24,F,A	IV,47,E,A	III,6,F,S		II,24,F,S	II,90,F,A
5	II,48,F,A	IV,65,E,A	III,28,D,S		III,36,G,A	IV,5,E,A
6	I,10,D,S	III,47,E,A	I,29,E,S		III,48,F,A	III,41,E,A
7	II,29,E,S	III,29,E,A	I, 35,E,S		IV,12,G,A	I,64,D,A
8	II,59,E,A	II,30,F, A	I,52,D,S		IV,18,F,A	IV,10,D,S
9	III,6,G,A	II,29,D,A	II,16,D,S		III,5,E,S	IV,28,D,S
10	III,12,G,S	V,5,E,A	V,36,F,S		V,30,G,A	V,6,F,S
Proportion A/S	7/3	10/0	0/10	2/0	9/1	7/3

Element	WVT	WUB	WBB	WFX
1	II,50,7.0,S	III,705,G,A	V,613,F,A	I,404,D,A
2	III,35,6.5,A	III,708,G,S	V,713,G,A	I,405,D,A
3		II,505,E,A	V,611,F,A	II,501,E,A
4		III,502,E,A	V.412,D,A	IV,705,G,A
5		III,506,E,A	III,507,E,A	IV,601,F,A
6		IV,602,F,S	II,502,E,A	V,802,H,A
7		V,709,G,S	II,512,E,A	V,803,H,A
8		VI,707,G,S	VI,705,G,A	V,603,F,S
Proportion A/S	1/1	4/4	8/0	7/1

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[1] Ivan Čuk, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova 22, 1000 - Ljubljana - SLOVENIA. e-mail: ivan.cuk@fsp.uni-lj.si