Tongue forces and handgrip strength in normal
                    individuals: association with swallowing

Mendes, Amanda Elias; Nascimento, Liz; Mansur, Letícia Lessa; Callegaro, Dagoberto; Filho, Wilson Jacob

doi:10.6061/clinics/2015(01)08

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Clinical Sciences • Clinics 70 (1) • Jan 2015 • https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2015(01)08 copy

Tongue forces and handgrip strength in normal individuals: association with swallowing

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVES:

To describe and correlate tongue force and grip strength measures and to verify the association of these measures with water swallowing in different age groups.

METHOD:

Tongue force was evaluated using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument and grip strength using the Hand Grip in 90 normal individuals, who were divided into three groups: young (18-39 years old), adult (40-59 years old) and elderly (above 60 years old) individuals. The time and number of swallows required for the continuous ingestion of 200 ml of water were also measured.

RESULTS:

A reduction in tongue force and grip strength, as well as an increase in the time required to drink 200 ml of water, were observed with increasing participant age. There was no difference in the number of swallows among the three groups. A correlation was observed between reductions in tongue force and grip strength in the groups of young and elderly individuals.

CONCLUSION:

There were differences in the measures of tongue force in young, adult and elderly individuals. Greater variations within these differences were observed when repeated movements were performed; in addition, a decrease in strength was associated with an increase in age. The decrease in tongue force among the elderly was offset by the increase in time needed to swallow the liquid. There was an association between the measures of tongue force and grip strength in the different age groups. The results of this study can be applied clinically and may act as a basis for guidelines in healthy or vulnerable elderly populations.

Swallowing; Elderly; Sarcopenia

Variable	Groups^* *N, G1 = 30; N, G2 = 30; N, G3 = 30.	Average	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum	Percentile 25	Percentile 50 (Medium)	Percentile 75	Sig. (p)^ Kruskal-Wallis test.
Age	G1	30.37	6.75	18.00	39.00	26.00	31.50	36.25	<0.001
	G2	49.13	5.07	40.00	58.00	45.00	50.00	53.25
	G3	69.63	8.06	60.00	86.00	63.00	67.00	74.75
	Total	49.71	17.45	18.00	86.00	35.75	50.00	63.25
Swallows for 200 ml of water	G1	8.57	3.78	3.00	19.00	6.00	7.50	11.00	0.057
	G2	8.27	3.27	4.00	16.00	5.00	7.50	10.25
	G3	10.83	5.25	2.00	27.00	8.00	10.00	12.25
	Total	9.22	4.29	2.00	27.00	6.00	9.00	11.00
Drinking time for 200 ml of water (s)	G1	9.27	4.51	4.59	22.30	5.83	7.78	11.63	0.010
	G2	10.28	4.59	2.86	20.30	6.78	10.02	13.51
	G3	15.69	13.25	1.46	70.67	8.43	12.39	18.96
	Total	11.75	8.87	1.46	70.67	6.80	10.02	13.79
Tongue force (KPa)	G1	56.57	14.85	20.00	87.00	47.75	57.00	68.25	0.001
	G2	51.97	10.81	28.00	71.00	44.50	54.50	61.00
	G3	43.20	13.58	17.00	68.00	33.75	47.00	52.50
	Total	50.58	14.18	17.00	87.00	42.75	51.00	61.00
Dominant hand force	G1	38.20	12.05	19.00	60.00	27.50	39.50	49.25	0.002
	G2	32.20	11.05	15.00	59.00	24.50	30.00	37.25
	G3	26.93	10.15	13.00	46.00	18.50	25.00	35.75
	Total	32.44	11.92	13.00	60.00	24.00	30.00	41.00

	Groups
Variable	G1×G2	G1×G3	G2×G3
Age	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Drinking time for 200 ml of water (s)	0.318	0.003	0.041
Tongue force (KPa)	0.145	0.001	0.010
Dominant hand force	0.069	<0.001	0.056

Colum of variables	Average	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum	Percentile 25	Percentile 50 (Medium)	Percentile 75	Sig. (p)^* *Friedman's test.
G1 Tongue F T1	53.77	14.64	14.00	75.00	43.50	54.50	66.25	0.308
G1 Tongue F T2	52.13	14.72	20.00	82.00	44.25	51.50	63.50
G1 Tongue F T3	52.20	15.01	20.00	87.00	43.25	55.00	62.25
G2 Tongue F T1	50.10	11.72	25.00	71.00	38.00	51.50	58.75	0.036
G2 Tongue F T2	48.37	11.08	28.00	69.00	39.50	49.00	58.00
G2 Tongue F T3	48.20	10.95	26.00	69.00	39.75	50.00	55.25
G3 Tongue F T1	41.47	13.34	17.00	68.00	32.25	44.50	52.00	0.009
G3 Tongue F T2	39.63	13.11	17.00	66.00	28.75	45.00	49.00
G3 Tongue F T3	38.60	14.56	14.00	64.00	25.00	38.50	49.00

Variable Pairs	n	Average	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum	Percentile 25	Percentile 50 (Medium)	Percentile 75	Sig. (p)
G1 Tongue F T2	30	52.13	14.72	20.00	82.00	44.25	51.50	63.50	0.673
G1 Tongue F T3	30	52.20	15.01	20.00	87.00	43.25	55.00	62.25
G2 Tongue F T2	30	48.37	11.08	28.00	69.00	39.50	49.00	58.00	0.702
G2 Tongue F T3	30	48.20	10.95	26.00	69.00	39.75	50.00	55.25
G3 Tongue F T2	30	39.63	13.11	17.00	66.00	28.75	45.00	49.00	0.346
G3 Tongue F T3	30	38.60	14.56	14.00	64.00	25.00	38.50	49.00

		Group
		G1	G2	G3
Variable	Statistics	Dom hand force	Dom hand force	Dom hand force
Tongue Force (kPa)	Correl. Coeff. (r)	+0.474	+0.098	+0.482
	Sig. (p)	0.008	0.606	0.007
	n	30	30	30

Faculdade de Medicina / USP Rua Dr Ovídio Pires de Campos, 225 - 6 and., 05403-010 São Paulo SP - Brazil, Tel.: (55 11) 2661-6235 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: clinics@hc.fm.usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Mendes AE was responsible for bibliographical survey, collection and tabulation of data, analysis and development of the article. Nascimento L was responsible for bibliographical survey, collection and tabulation of data. Mansur LL, Callegaro D, Jacob Filho W were responsible for analysis and development of the article.