Antioxidation
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*Inhibition of increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (5656. Mao YF, Zheng XF, Cai JM, You XM, Deng XM, Zhang JH, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;381(4):602-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02...
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*Elimination of toxic reactive oxygen species (3535. Noda K, Tanaka Y, Shigemura N, Kawamura T, Wang Y, Masutani K, et al. Hydrogen-supplemented drinking water protects cardiac allografts from inflammation-associated deterioration. Transpl Int. 2012;25(12):1213-22, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-2277.2012.01542.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-2277.20...
,4646. Buchholz BM, Kaczorowski DJ, Sugimoto R, Yang R, Wang Y, Billiar TR, et al. Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates oxidative stress in transplantation induced intestinal graft injury. Am J Transplant. 2008;8(10):2015-24, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02359.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.20...
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*Decreased levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (3636. Abe T, Li XK, Yazawa K, Hatayama N, Xie L, Sato B, et al. Hydrogen-rich University of Wisconsin solution attenuates renal cold ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transplantation. 2012;94(1):14-21, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e318255f8be. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e31825...
,3737. Shingu C, Koga H, Hagiwara S, Matsumoto S, Goto K, Yokoi I, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline solution attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Anesth. 2010;24(4):569-74, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00540-010-0942-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00540-010-094...
,6666. Oharazawa H, Igarashi T, Yokota T, Fujii H, Suzuki H, Machide M, et al. Protection of the retina by rapid diffusion of hydrogen: administration of hydrogen-loaded eye drops in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(1):487-92, http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4089...
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*Decreased tissue malondialdehyde levels (3636. Abe T, Li XK, Yazawa K, Hatayama N, Xie L, Sato B, et al. Hydrogen-rich University of Wisconsin solution attenuates renal cold ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transplantation. 2012;94(1):14-21, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e318255f8be. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e31825...
,4242. Kawamura T, Huang CS, Tochigi N, Lee S, Shigemura N, Billiar TR, et al. Inhaled hydrogen gas therapy for prevention of lung transplant-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Transplantation. 2010;90(12):1344-51, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3181fe1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3181f...
,5252. Zeng K, Huang H, Jiang XQ, Chen XJ, Huang W. [Protective effects of hydrogen on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2014;45(1):39-42.,5656. Mao YF, Zheng XF, Cai JM, You XM, Deng XM, Zhang JH, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;381(4):602-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02...
,6464. Chen C, Chen Q, Mao Y, Xu S, Xia C, Shi X, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against spinal cord injury in rats. Neurochem Res. 2010;35(7):1111-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-010-0162-y. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-010-016...
,6565. Huang Y, Xie K, Li J, Xu N, Gong G, Wang G, et al. Beneficial effects of hydrogen gas against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. Brain Res. 2011;1378:125-36, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.12.071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.201...
,6767. Jiang D, Wu D, Zhang Y, Xu B, Sun X, Li Z. Protective effects of hydrogen rich saline solution on experimental testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Urol. 2012;187(6):2249-53, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.01.029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.01...
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*Decreased lipid peroxidation (4242. Kawamura T, Huang CS, Tochigi N, Lee S, Shigemura N, Billiar TR, et al. Inhaled hydrogen gas therapy for prevention of lung transplant-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Transplantation. 2010;90(12):1344-51, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3181fe1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3181f...
,4949. Buchholz BM, Masutani K, Kawamura T, Peng X, Toyoda Y, Billiar TR, et al. Hydrogen-enriched preservation protects the isogeneic intestinal graft and amends recipient gastric function during transplantation. Transplantation. 2011;92(9):985-92, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e318230159d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e31823...
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*Increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (4343. Kawamura T, Huang CS, Peng X, Masutani K, Shigemura N, Billiar TR, et al. The effect of donor treatment with hydrogen on lung allograft function in rats. Surgery. 2011;150(2):240-9, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2011.05.019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2011.05...
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*Decreased MPO activity (5656. Mao YF, Zheng XF, Cai JM, You XM, Deng XM, Zhang JH, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;381(4):602-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02...
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*Decreased levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (6464. Chen C, Chen Q, Mao Y, Xu S, Xia C, Shi X, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against spinal cord injury in rats. Neurochem Res. 2010;35(7):1111-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-010-0162-y. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-010-016...
,6565. Huang Y, Xie K, Li J, Xu N, Gong G, Wang G, et al. Beneficial effects of hydrogen gas against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. Brain Res. 2011;1378:125-36, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.12.071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.201...
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*Decreased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (6666. Oharazawa H, Igarashi T, Yokota T, Fujii H, Suzuki H, Machide M, et al. Protection of the retina by rapid diffusion of hydrogen: administration of hydrogen-loaded eye drops in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(1):487-92, http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4089...
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*Improved superoxide dismutase activity (6767. Jiang D, Wu D, Zhang Y, Xu B, Sun X, Li Z. Protective effects of hydrogen rich saline solution on experimental testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Urol. 2012;187(6):2249-53, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.01.029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.01...
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*Decreased hypoxia-inducible factor-1 levels (4040. Noda K, Shigemura N, Tanaka Y, Bhama J, D'Cunha J, Kobayashi H, et al. Hydrogen preconditioning during ex vivo lung perfusion improves the quality of lung grafts in rats. Transplantation. 2014;98(5):499-506, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000000254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.00000000000...
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Anti-inflammation
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*Inhibition of the secretion of a variety of inflammatory cytokines (3131. Wang F, Yu G, Liu SY, Li JB, Wang JF, Bo LL, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Surg Res. 2011;167(2):e339-44, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.11....
,4242. Kawamura T, Huang CS, Tochigi N, Lee S, Shigemura N, Billiar TR, et al. Inhaled hydrogen gas therapy for prevention of lung transplant-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Transplantation. 2010;90(12):1344-51, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3181fe1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3181f...
,4646. Buchholz BM, Kaczorowski DJ, Sugimoto R, Yang R, Wang Y, Billiar TR, et al. Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates oxidative stress in transplantation induced intestinal graft injury. Am J Transplant. 2008;8(10):2015-24, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02359.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.20...
,5656. Mao YF, Zheng XF, Cai JM, You XM, Deng XM, Zhang JH, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;381(4):602-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02...
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*Decreased inflammatory index and oxidative stress (4141. Zhou H, Fu Z, Wei Y, Liu J, Cui X, Yang W, et al. Hydrogen inhalation decreases lung graft injury in brain-dead donor rats. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2013;32(2):251-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2012.11.007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2012....
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*Reduced macrophage infiltration and sequestration (4242. Kawamura T, Huang CS, Tochigi N, Lee S, Shigemura N, Billiar TR, et al. Inhaled hydrogen gas therapy for prevention of lung transplant-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Transplantation. 2010;90(12):1344-51, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3181fe1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3181f...
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*Reduced recruitment of neutrophils (4646. Buchholz BM, Kaczorowski DJ, Sugimoto R, Yang R, Wang Y, Billiar TR, et al. Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates oxidative stress in transplantation induced intestinal graft injury. Am J Transplant. 2008;8(10):2015-24, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02359.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.20...
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*Inhibition of the gene expression of proinflammatory factors (4949. Buchholz BM, Masutani K, Kawamura T, Peng X, Toyoda Y, Billiar TR, et al. Hydrogen-enriched preservation protects the isogeneic intestinal graft and amends recipient gastric function during transplantation. Transplantation. 2011;92(9):985-92, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e318230159d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e31823...
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Anti-apoptosis
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*Increased levels of the B-cell lymphoma-2 and Bcl-extra-large proteins (4242. Kawamura T, Huang CS, Tochigi N, Lee S, Shigemura N, Billiar TR, et al. Inhaled hydrogen gas therapy for prevention of lung transplant-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Transplantation. 2010;90(12):1344-51, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3181fe1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e3181f...
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*Reduced number of NF-κB-positive cells (7171. Wang C, Li J, Liu Q, Yang R, Zhang JH, Cao YP, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibit of JNK and NF-kappaB activation in a rat model of amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett. 2011;491(2):127-32, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2011....
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Other
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*Inhibition of the release of serum alanine aminotransferase (5858. Fukuda K, Asoh S, Ishikawa M, Yamamoto Y, Ohsawa I, Ohta S. Inhalation of hydrogen gas suppresses hepatic injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion through reducing oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;361(3):670-4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07...
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*Improved suppression of the graft muscle contractility induced by transplantation (4949. Buchholz BM, Masutani K, Kawamura T, Peng X, Toyoda Y, Billiar TR, et al. Hydrogen-enriched preservation protects the isogeneic intestinal graft and amends recipient gastric function during transplantation. Transplantation. 2011;92(9):985-92, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e318230159d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e31823...
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*Increased release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (6464. Chen C, Chen Q, Mao Y, Xu S, Xia C, Shi X, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against spinal cord injury in rats. Neurochem Res. 2010;35(7):1111-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-010-0162-y. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-010-016...
,6565. Huang Y, Xie K, Li J, Xu N, Gong G, Wang G, et al. Beneficial effects of hydrogen gas against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. Brain Res. 2011;1378:125-36, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.12.071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.201...
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*Regulation of signaling pathways (5454. Zhang Y, Sun Q, He B, Xiao J, Wang Z, Sun X. Anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Int J Cardiol. 2011;148(1):91-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.08.058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2010....
,6464. Chen C, Chen Q, Mao Y, Xu S, Xia C, Shi X, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against spinal cord injury in rats. Neurochem Res. 2010;35(7):1111-8, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-010-0162-y. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-010-016...
,7070. Liu Q, Shen WF, Sun HY, Fan DF, Nakao A, Cai JM, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against liver injury in rats with obstructive jaundice. Liver Int. 2010;30(7):958-68, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02254.x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.20...
,7171. Wang C, Li J, Liu Q, Yang R, Zhang JH, Cao YP, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibit of JNK and NF-kappaB activation in a rat model of amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett. 2011;491(2):127-32, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2011....
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