Adaptation (Holland, 1995Holland, J. H. (1995). Hidden order: how adaptation builds complexity. Cambridge: Perseus Books. ) |
Shaping their structures, adding or excluding the relationships between agents, changing their physical capacities and adaptation of behavioral processes, namely, strategic changes (Wycisk et al., 2008Wycisk, C., McKelvey, B., & Hülsmann, M. (2008). "Smart parts"supply networks as complex adaptive systems: analysis and implications. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 38(2), 108-125. doi: 10.1108/09600030810861198 https://doi.org/10.1108/0960003081086119...
). |
Non-linearity (Prigogine & Stengers, 1997Prigogine, I., & Stengers, I. (1997). A nova aliança: metamorfose da ciência. (3a ed.) Brasília, DF: Universidade de Brasília. ; Thiétart & Forgues, 1995Thiétart, R. A., & Forgues, B. (1995). Chaos theory and organization. Organization Science, 6(1), 19-31. doi: 10.1287/orsc.6.1.19 https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.1.19...
) |
An effort of cost reductions by a large buyer can lead to random results (Choi et al., 2001Choi, T. Y., Dooley, K. J., & Rungtusanatham, M. (2001). Supply networks and complex adaptive systems: control versus emergence. Journal of Operations Management, 19(3), 351-366. doi: 10.1016/S0272-6963(00)00068-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6963(00)00...
). |
Butterfly effect (Lorenz, 1963Lorenz, E. N. (1963). Deterministic nonperiodic flow. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 20(2), 130-141. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0130:DNF>2.0.CO;2 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1963)0...
) |
The bullwhip effect (Lee, Padmanabhan, & Whangal, 1997Lee, H. L., Padmanabhan, V., & Whang, S. (1997). The bullwhip effect in supply chains. Sloan Management Review, 38(3), 93-102. ; Wycisk et al., 2008Wycisk, C., McKelvey, B., & Hülsmann, M. (2008). "Smart parts"supply networks as complex adaptive systems: analysis and implications. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 38(2), 108-125. doi: 10.1108/09600030810861198 https://doi.org/10.1108/0960003081086119...
). |
Systemic hierarchy (Simon, 1962Simon, H. A. (1962). The architecture of complexity. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 106(6), 467-482. Retrieved from http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003049X%2819621212%29106%3A6%3C467%3ATAOC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1 http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003049...
) |
Observing a supply network vertically, it is by definition a multi-level one: supplier, manufacturer, distributor, retailer and customer (Wycisk et al., 2008Wycisk, C., McKelvey, B., & Hülsmann, M. (2008). "Smart parts"supply networks as complex adaptive systems: analysis and implications. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 38(2), 108-125. doi: 10.1108/09600030810861198 https://doi.org/10.1108/0960003081086119...
). |
Holism (Morin, 1990Morin, E. (1990). Introdução ao pensamento complexo (4a ed.). Lisboa: ESF. ) |
What should be produced, how it should be produced, when it should be produced, how much should be produced and pricing (Humphrey & Schmitz, 2001Humphrey, J., & Schmitz, H. (2001). Governance in global value chains. IDS Bulletin, 32(3), 19-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1759-5436.2001.mp32003003.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2001...
). Lower-priced products and storage, improved quality and faster deliveries (Surana, Kumara, Greaves, & Raghavan, 2005Surana, A., Kumara, S., Greaves, M., & Raghavan, U. N. (2005). Supply-chain networks: a complex adaptive systems perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 43(20), 4235-4265. doi: 10.1080/00207540500142274 https://doi.org/10.1080/0020754050014227...
). |
Path dependence (Arthur, 1999Arthur, W. B. (1999). Complexity and the economy. Science, 284(5411), 107-109. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.107 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5411...
; Mitleton-Kelly, 2003Mitleton-Kelly, E. (Ed.). (2003). Complex systems and evolutionary perspectives on organizations: the application of complexity theory to organizations. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Ltd.) |
The path can determine future choices and possibilities. |