<b>Pochonia chlamydosporia</b> promotes the growth of tomato and lettuce plants

The fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia is one of the most studied biological agents used to control plant-parasitic nematodes. This study found that the isolates Pc-3, Pc-10 and Pc-19 of this fungus promote the growth of tomato and lettuce seedlings. The isolate Pc-19 colonized the rhizoplane of tomato seedlings in only 15 days and produced a large quantity of chlamydospores. This isolate was able to use cellulose as a carbon source, in addition to glucose and sucrose. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that hyphae of the P. chlamydosporia isolate Pc-10 penetrated the epidermal cells of the tomato roots. These three P. chlamydosporia isolates promote the growth of tomato and lettuce.

Keywords
Lactuca sativa; nematophagous fungus; rhizosphere colonization; Solanum lycopersicum; Verticillium chlamydosporium

Authorship

Rosangela Dallemole-Giaretta

Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil.Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáBrazilPato Branco, Paraná, BrazilDepartamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil.

Leandro Grassi de Freitas

Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Universidade Federal de ViçosaBrazilViçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Everaldo Antônio Lopes

Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus de Rio Paranaíba, Rod. MG-230, Km 7, 38810-000, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Universidade Federal de ViçosaBrazilRio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus de Rio Paranaíba, Rod. MG-230, Km 7, 38810-000, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Marliane de Cássia Soares da Silva

Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Universidade Federal de ViçosaBrazilViçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya

Silamar Ferraz

*Author for correspondence. E-mail:everaldolopes@ufv.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
Tomato seedlings grown on a coconut fiber substrate infested with P. chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia isolate Pc-19. (A) The four culture tubes on the left contain the isolate Pc-19, while the four on the right do not contain the antagonist (scale bars represent 1 cm). (B) Rhizoplane colonization of tomato seedlings by Pc-19, with the formation of chlamydospores (scale bar represents 250 µm). (C) Phialides of Pc-19 formed on the surface of the tomato root (scale bar represents 100 µm). (D) and (E) Scanning electron microscopy images of tomato roots colonized by P. chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia isolate Pc-10. Hyphae and conidia of the fungus in the rhizoplane of the roots (D) and hyphae penetrating into cells of the root cortex of tomatoes (E; scale bars represent 50 µm).

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Table 1
Chemical characterization of the coconut fiber used as a substrate for the growth of tomato and lettuce plants.

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Table 2
Height and mass of the aboveground portion of tomato seedlings cv. Santa Clara grown on a coconut fiber substrate infested using mycelial discs (assay 1) or a conidia suspension of Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia isolates Pc-3, Pc-10 and Pc-19.

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Table 3
Height and fresh mass of the aboveground portion of the lettuce cultivars^* Verônica, Americana, Regina and Manteiga grown on a coconut fiber substrate infested with mycelial discs of Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia isolate Pc-10 (Pc).

Figure 1 Tomato seedlings grown on a coconut fiber substrate infested with P. chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia isolate Pc-19. (A) The four culture tubes on the left contain the isolate Pc-19, while the four on the right do not contain the antagonist (scale bars represent 1 cm). (B) Rhizoplane colonization of tomato seedlings by Pc-19, with the formation of chlamydospores (scale bar represents 250 µm). (C) Phialides of Pc-19 formed on the surface of the tomato root (scale bar represents 100 µm). (D) and (E) Scanning electron microscopy images of tomato roots colonized by P. chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia isolate Pc-10. Hyphae and conidia of the fungus in the rhizoplane of the roots (D) and hyphae penetrating into cells of the root cortex of tomatoes (E; scale bars represent 50 µm).

Table 1 Chemical characterization of the coconut fiber used as a substrate for the growth of tomato and lettuce plants.

Table 2 Height and mass of the aboveground portion of tomato seedlings cv. Santa Clara grown on a coconut fiber substrate infested using mycelial discs (assay 1) or a conidia suspension of Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia isolates Pc-3, Pc-10 and Pc-19.

Means (± standard deviations) within a column in each assay followed by the same letter do not differ by tukey's HSD test (p < 0.05).

Table 3 Height and fresh mass of the aboveground portion of the lettuce cultivars^* Verônica, Americana, Regina and Manteiga grown on a coconut fiber substrate infested with mycelial discs of Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia isolate Pc-10 (Pc).

^*
Each cultivar was evaluated in a separate assay. Means (± standard deviation) within a column in each cultivar followed by the same letter do not differ by F-test (p < 0.05).

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<b>Pochonia chlamydosporia</b> promotes the growth of tomato and lettuce plants

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[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail:everaldolopes@ufv.br