Leaf area index and radiation extinction coefficient of a coffee canopy under variable drip irrigation levels

The leaf area index (LAI) is relevant in studies of phenomena at different scales, such as for the leaf to canopy scale and the calculation of the extinction coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (kPAR), providing input for the parameterization of physiological basis models. The objective of this work was to verify the variation of the LAI and the coffee kPAR subjected to different drip irrigation levels (130, 100, 70, and 40%) and to compare the data obtained from radiation bar linear sensors (SunScan) in the plants that received full irrigation with the values found by other LAI estimation methodologies. The study was conducted in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil, using the species Coffea arabica cv. Red Catuaí IAC 144; a drip irrigation system was adopted, with the irrigation controlled by tensiometry. The mean LAI values were higher in the L130 (irrigation level of 130%) and L100 (irrigation level of 100%) treatments than those with deficit irrigation depths. The mean kPAR values were lower for the L130 and L100 treatments than the values found in the deficit irrigation depth treatments. When comparing SunScan to other methodologies, the mean error (ME) and absolute mean error (AME) were high.

Keywords:
Coffea arabica; LAI; SunScan; water deficit

Authorship

Jéfferson de Oliveira Costa ^**Author for Correspondence. E-mail: costajo@usp.br

Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Cx Postal 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Universidade de São PauloBrazilPiracicaba, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Cx Postal 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5387-7880

Rubens Duarte Coelho

Timóteo Herculino da Silva Barros

Eusímio Felisbino Fraga Junior

Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Monte Carmelo, Araras, Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Universidade Federal de UberlândiaBrazilMonte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Monte Carmelo, Araras, Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

André Luís Teixeira Fernandes

Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Pós-graduação e Extensão, Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Universidade de UberabaBrazilUberaba, Minas Gerais, BrazilPró-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Pós-graduação e Extensão, Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

*Author for Correspondence. E-mail: costajo@usp.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (3)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
SunScan equipment used to measure the fraction of photosynthetically active incident radiation (PARi) (a); Quadrant scheme evaluated in the plant canopy (b).

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Figure 2
Maps of the percentage of photosynthetically active incident radiation (PARi) in each quadrant sampled in the coffee canopy. Map with the average PARi of the plants subjected to the L130% treatment (a); Map with the average PARi of the plants subjected to the L100% treatment (b); Map with the average PARi of the plants subjected to the L70% treatment (c); and Map with the average PARi of the plants subjected to the L40% treatment (d).

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Figure 3
Percentage of photosynthetically active incident radiation (PARi) in the upper third (UT), middle third (MT) and lower third (LT) of plants subjected to different irrigation depths (L130%, L100%, L70%, and L40%). Distinct capital letters within the same irrigation depth and distinct lowercase letters within the same plant part differ from each other at a 5% probability level by Tukey’s test.

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Table 1
The leaf area index (LAI) and extinction coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (kPAR) of the coffee tree subjected to different irrigation levels.

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Table 2
Comparison of leaf area index (LAI) and extinction coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (kPAR) obtained from the SunScan system with values found from other methodologies.

Figure 1 SunScan equipment used to measure the fraction of photosynthetically active incident radiation (PARi) (a); Quadrant scheme evaluated in the plant canopy (b).

Figure 2 Maps of the percentage of photosynthetically active incident radiation (PARi) in each quadrant sampled in the coffee canopy. Map with the average PARi of the plants subjected to the L130% treatment (a); Map with the average PARi of the plants subjected to the L100% treatment (b); Map with the average PARi of the plants subjected to the L70% treatment (c); and Map with the average PARi of the plants subjected to the L40% treatment (d).

Figure 3 Percentage of photosynthetically active incident radiation (PARi) in the upper third (UT), middle third (MT) and lower third (LT) of plants subjected to different irrigation depths (L130%, L100%, L70%, and L40%). Distinct capital letters within the same irrigation depth and distinct lowercase letters within the same plant part differ from each other at a 5% probability level by Tukey’s test.

Table 1 The leaf area index (LAI) and extinction coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (kPAR) of the coffee tree subjected to different irrigation levels.

	LAI SunScan
Parts of the plant	Irrigation levels (%)
Parts of the plant	130	100	70	40
Lower third	7.5 Aa	6.8 Aa	6.1 Ab	5.6 Ab
Middle third	4.7 Ba	4.0 Bb	3.4 Bb	3.2 Bb
Upper third	2.0 Ca	1.8 Ca	1.6 Ca	1.7 Ca
LAI mean	4.7 a	4.2 a	3.7 b	3.5 b
kPAR mean	0.24 b	0.29 b	0.74 a	0.93 a

LAI - Index of leaf area; kPAR - extinction coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation. Distinct capital letters within the same irrigation depth and distinct lowercase letters within the same plant part differ from each other at a 5% probability level by Tukey’s test

Table 2 Comparison of leaf area index (LAI) and extinction coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (kPAR) obtained from the SunScan system with values found from other methodologies.

Citation	Cultivate	Age	Spacing	LAI	ME	AME
Favarin et al. (2002Favarin, J. L., Dourado Neto, D., García, A. G., Villa Nova, N. A., & Favarin, M. G. G. V. (2002). Equações para a estimativa do índice de área foliar do cafeeiro. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 37(6), 769-773. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-204X2002000600005 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X200200... )¹*	Mundo Novo IAC 388-17	2.5 years	2.5 x 1.0 m	2.96	-1.24	1.24
Favarin et al. (2002Favarin, J. L., Dourado Neto, D., García, A. G., Villa Nova, N. A., & Favarin, M. G. G. V. (2002). Equações para a estimativa do índice de área foliar do cafeeiro. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 37(6), 769-773. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-204X2002000600005 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X200200... )²*	Mundo Novo IAC 388-17	2.5 years	2.5 x 1.0 m	4.86	0.66	0.66
Cunha and Volpe (2010Cunha, A. R. D., & Volpe, C. A. (2010). Relações radiométricas no terço superior da copa de cafeeiro. Bragantia, 69(2), 263-271. DOI: 10.1590/S0006-87052010000200002 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0006-8705201000... )	Obatã IAC 1669-20	5 years	3.5 x 0.5 m	2.50	0.70	0.70
Marin et al. (2003Marin, F. R., Santiago, A. V., Righi, E. Z., Sentelhas, P. C., Angelocci, L., Maggiotto, S., & Pezzopane, J. (2003). Solar radiation interception and its relation with transpiration in different coffee canopy layers. Revista Brasileira de Agrometeorologia, 11(1), 1-6.)	Mundo Novo Apuatã	4 years	2.5 x 1.0 m	5.29	1.09	1.09
Citation	Cultivate	Age	Spacing	LAI	ME	AME
Cunha and Volpe (2010Cunha, A. R. D., & Volpe, C. A. (2010). Relações radiométricas no terço superior da copa de cafeeiro. Bragantia, 69(2), 263-271. DOI: 10.1590/S0006-87052010000200002 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0006-8705201000... )	Obatã IAC 1669-20	5 years	3.5 x 0.5 m	0.54	0.25	0.25
Marin et al. (2003Marin, F. R., Santiago, A. V., Righi, E. Z., Sentelhas, P. C., Angelocci, L., Maggiotto, S., & Pezzopane, J. (2003). Solar radiation interception and its relation with transpiration in different coffee canopy layers. Revista Brasileira de Agrometeorologia, 11(1), 1-6.)	Mundo Novo Apuatã	4 years	2.5 x 1.0 m	0.79	0.50	0.50

¹The equation LAI = 0.0134 + 0.7276Di²Hd was used; ²The equation LAI = -0.5786 + 0.6201Di (Di2 + 4Hd2) 0.5 was used; *In both situations, it was considered that Di = 1.5 m and Hd = 1.8 m; LAI - leaf area index; kPAR - extinction coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation; ME - mean error; AME - absolute mean error.

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Leaf area index and radiation extinction coefficient of a coffee canopy under variable drip irrigation levels

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[1] *Author for Correspondence. E-mail: costajo@usp.br