Selection of melon genotypes with resistance to <i>Didymella bryoniae</i> using a diallel approach

The development of melon lines resistant to gummy stem blight (GSB) is an important strategy for decreasing losses caused by this disease. Thus, selecting the best parents for such a goal is essential. We evaluated the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities of lines and accessions to guide the selection of the most promising parents to develop GSB-resistant lines. Six genotypes representing two groups (group I - susceptible: group II - resistant) were crossed in a partial diallel mating design. The genotypes were evaluated for disease expression using a rating scale from 0 (resistant) to 4 (susceptible). Estimates of GCA were negative and significant for the accessions PI 420145 and PI 482398, which can be suggested for crosses aimed at obtaining melon lines resistant to GSB. There is a reciprocal effect for the resistance of melon genotypes to Didymella bryoniae, especially when PI 482398, PI 420145, and PI 140471 are crossed with JAB-20. Such results indicate that maternal effects may be involved in the resistance to gummy stem blight.

Keywords:
Cucumis melo; Didymella bryoniae; partial diallel; reciprocal effect

Authorship

Lucas da Silva Santos ^**Author for correspondence. E-mail: lucasmelhorista@gmail.com

Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Rua João Pessoa, 121, 68700-030, Capanema, Pará, Brazil. Universidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaBrazilCapanema, Pará, BrazilUniversidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Rua João Pessoa, 121, 68700-030, Capanema, Pará, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-3962

Guilherme Matos Martins Diniz

Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”BrazilJaboticabal, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.

Rafaelle Fazzi Gomes

Edgard Henrique Costa Silva

Alysson Jalles da Silva

Leila Trevisan Braz

*Author for correspondence. E-mail: lucasmelhorista@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (2)
Tables (5)
Formulas (2)

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Figure 1
Average temperature and relative humidity at 24, 48, and 72h in a moistened chamber following inoculation of melon with Didymella bryoniae. UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, 2016.

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Figure 2
Dispersion of means of severity of Didymella bryoniae in melon hybrids and respective reciprocals.

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Table 1
Parents, F₁s and their reciprocals of melon genotypes resistant (Group I) and susceptible (Group II) to Didymella bryoniae.

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Table 2
Analysis of diallel variation for disease severity of Didymella bryoniae in melon genotypes. UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, 2016.

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Table 3
General combining ability (GCA) estimate for resistance of melon genotypes to Didymella bryoniae, for six genitors divided into two groups, used in the partial diallel crosses. UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, 2016.

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Table 4
Specific combining ability (SCA) of melon genotypes for resistance to Didymella bryoniae for six genitors divided into two groups used in the partial diallel crosses. UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, 2016.

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Table 5
Contrasts among means (three replications) of F₁s and reciprocals (REC) for resistance of hybrids to Didymella bryoniae for six genitors divided into two groups used in the partial diallel crosses. UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, 2016.

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Figure 1 Average temperature and relative humidity at 24, 48, and 72h in a moistened chamber following inoculation of melon with Didymella bryoniae. UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, 2016.

Figure 2 Dispersion of means of severity of Didymella bryoniae in melon hybrids and respective reciprocals.

Table 1 Parents, F₁s and their reciprocals of melon genotypes resistant (Group I) and susceptible (Group II) to Didymella bryoniae.

Genitors	Crosses
Genitors	F₁s	Reciprocals
Group I	1 ᵡ 3	3 ᵡ 1
1. JAB-11	1 ᵡ 4	4 ᵡ 1
2. JAB-20	1 ᵡ 5	5 ᵡ 1
	1 ᵡ 6	6 ᵡ 1
Group II
3. PI 140471	2 ᵡ 3	3 ᵡ 2
4. PI 157082	2 ᵡ 4	4 ᵡ 2
5. PI 420145	2 ᵡ 5	5 ᵡ 2
6. PI 482398	2 ᵡ 6	6 ᵡ 2

Table 2 Analysis of diallel variation for disease severity of Didymella bryoniae in melon genotypes. UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, 2016.

Source of Variation	DF	F₁s	Reciprocal
Source of Variation	DF	MS	MS
Treatments	13	1.681^**	2.009^**
Groups	1	9.481^**	8.540^**
GCA I	1	1.616^*	1.064^ns
GCA II	3	2.311^**	2.831^**
SCA	8	0.478^ns	1.003^**
Residue	26	0.294	0.261
GCA I (%)		36.70	21.70
GCA II (%)		52.50	57.80

^{**, *, ns} Significant at 1% and 5% according to the probability and non-significant according to the F-test, respectively.

Table 3 General combining ability (GCA) estimate for resistance of melon genotypes to Didymella bryoniae, for six genitors divided into two groups, used in the partial diallel crosses. UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, 2016.

Genitors	$\hat{g} i$
Genitors	F₁	Pr > \|t\|	Reciprocal	Pr > \|t\|
Group I
1. JAB-11	0.183	0.0022	0.148	0.0022
2. JAB-20	-0.183	0.0022	- 0.148	0.0022
Standard Error (Gi)	0.073		0.073
Group II
3. PI 140471	-0.030	0.7120	0.116	0.1581
4. PI 157082	0.514	0.0003	0.507	0.0002
5. PI 420145	-0.278	0.0093	-0.371	0.0015
6. PI 482398	-0.206	0.0337	-0.253	0.0110
Standard Error (Gi)	0.110		0.104

Table 4 Specific combining ability (SCA) of melon genotypes for resistance to Didymella bryoniae for six genitors divided into two groups used in the partial diallel crosses. UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, 2016.

Crosses	${\hat{S}}_{i j}$
Crosses	F₁s	Pr > \|t\|	Reciprocal	Pr > \|t\|
JAB-11 x PI 140471	0.041^ns	0.6821	0.628^**	0.0002
JAB-11 x PI 157082	0.454^**	0.0020	-0.015^ns	0.8733
JAB-11 x PI 420145	-0.211^*	0.0415	-0.720^**	<0.0001
JAB-11 x PI 482398	-0.367^**	0.0062	-0.417^**	0.0023
JAB-20 x PI 140471	-0.619^**	0.0003	-0.772^**	<0.0001
JAB-20 x PI 157082	-0.155 ^ns	0.1468	0.133^ns	0.1809
JAB-20 x PI 420145	-0.061^ns	0.5415	-0.074^ns	0.4333
JAB-20 x PI 482398	-0.166 ^ns	0.1235	-0.453^**	0.0014
Standard Deviation (Sij)	0.268		0.253

Table 5 Contrasts among means (three replications) of F₁s and reciprocals (REC) for resistance of hybrids to Didymella bryoniae for six genitors divided into two groups used in the partial diallel crosses. UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, 2016.

Crosses	Contrast			Variance	Pr > t
Crosses	F₁s		REC	Variance	Pr > t
JAB-11 x PI 140471	1.58	vs	2.16	1.430	0.063
JAB-11 x PI 157082	2.54	vs	1.91	0.070	0.672
JAB-11 x PI 420145	1.08	vs	0.33	0.041	0.744
JAB-11 x PI 482398	1.00	vs	0.75	1.581	0.052
JAB-20 x PI 140471	0.55	vs	0.47	5.052	0.001^*
JAB-20 x PI 157082	1.56	vs	1.76	0.066	0.681
JAB-20 x PI 420145	0.86	vs	0.68	2.026	0.029^*
JAB-20 x PI 482398	0.83	vs	0.42	2.717	0.012^*

*Note: P-values of significant contrasts mean that there is evidence of reciprocal effects.

\hat{g} i

{\hat{S}}_{i j}

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Selection of melon genotypes with resistance to <i>Didymella bryoniae</i> using a diallel approach

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[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail: lucasmelhorista@gmail.com