Chemical diversity of accessions of the in vivo germplasm bank of Varronia curassavica (Jacq.)

Varronia curassavica (Jacq.) is a shrub and perennial plant native to Brazil that has therapeutic, anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing properties. The objective of this work was to study the chemical diversity of the native populations of this species maintained in the in vivo germplasm bank from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The essential oils of 10 accessions analyzed in triplicate were obtained by hydrodistillation. Fifty-five compounds were detected, 46 of which were identified by GC-MS analysis. Essential oil yield ranged from 0.1 (VC-9) to 1.22% (VC-3) among the studied accessions. Three groups were formed by cluster analysis. Group A presented lower relative abundance of the compounds α-humulene (1.4%) and β-caryophyllene (8.5%). Conversely, in Group B, the most abundant compound was α-humulene (31.6%). Group C, with the greatest number of accessions, presented values of up to 6.1 and 41.2% for α-humulene and β-caryophyllene, respectively. Only two accessions (VC-1 and VC-5) presented α-humulene content lower than that recommended for phytotherapeutic production. These results, along with consolidating breeding programs, contribute to the conservation of the species.

Keywords:
essential oil; medicinal plant; chemotype; α-humulene; β-caryophyllene

Authorship

Túlio Barroso Queiroz ^**Author for correspondence. E-mail: tulio-bq@hotmail.com

Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, 18610-307, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”BrazilBotucatu, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, 18610-307, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0208-1225

Francine Souza Alves da Fonseca

Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Universidade Estadual de CampinasBrazilCampinas, São Paulo, BrazilInstituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Aretusa Daniela Resende Mendes

Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBrazilMontes Claros, Minas Gerais, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Alcinei Mistico Azevedo

Ernane Ronie Martins

*Author for correspondence. E-mail: tulio-bq@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
Location of the Varronia curassavica in vivo germplasm bank of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Federal University of Minas Gerais (ICA/UFMG). Identification of collection sites: Minas Gerais State = VC 1 - Grão Mogol (Americana Settlement), VC 2 - Taquaraçu de Minas, VC 3 - Santo Antônio do Monte, VC 4 - Itacambira, VC 5 - Cristália, VC 6 - São Gonçalo do Rio das Pedras, VC 7 - Juramento, VC 8 - Grão Mogol, VC 9 - São Francisco and Bahia State, VC 10 - São José da Vitória.

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Figure 2
Diagram of Pearson’s correlation coefficients matrix among the fifteen major essential oil compounds (C01-C15) of the analyzed Varronia curassavica populations.

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Figure 3
Dendrogram representing the similarity between 10 Varronia curassavica accessions based on the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.

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Figure 4
Distribution of the chemical components of the essential oil of the V. curassavica germplasm in relation to the two principal components by the principal component analysis (PCA).

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Table 1
Chemical composition of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Varronia curassavica from the germplasm bank of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of UFMG (ICA-UFMG).

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Table 2
Correlation between component loadings for the first four principal components and 15 major essential oil compounds (C01-C15) of the analyzed Varronia curassavica populations.

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Table 3
Content of the 15 principal components of essential oil (C01-C15) for the three groups (A, B, C) found in 10 Varronia curassavica accessions.

Figure 1 Location of the Varronia curassavica in vivo germplasm bank of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Federal University of Minas Gerais (ICA/UFMG). Identification of collection sites: Minas Gerais State = VC 1 - Grão Mogol (Americana Settlement), VC 2 - Taquaraçu de Minas, VC 3 - Santo Antônio do Monte, VC 4 - Itacambira, VC 5 - Cristália, VC 6 - São Gonçalo do Rio das Pedras, VC 7 - Juramento, VC 8 - Grão Mogol, VC 9 - São Francisco and Bahia State, VC 10 - São José da Vitória.

Figure 2 Diagram of Pearson’s correlation coefficients matrix among the fifteen major essential oil compounds (C01-C15) of the analyzed Varronia curassavica populations.

Figure 3 Dendrogram representing the similarity between 10 Varronia curassavica accessions based on the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.

Figure 4 Distribution of the chemical components of the essential oil of the V. curassavica germplasm in relation to the two principal components by the principal component analysis (PCA).

Table 1 Chemical composition of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Varronia curassavica from the germplasm bank of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of UFMG (ICA-UFMG).

N°	Compounds	RT	RI¹	RI²	% area (TIC) of the accession in the germplasm bank
N°	Compounds	RT	RI¹	RI²	VC-1	VC-2	VC-3	VC-4	VC-5	VC-6	VC-7	VC-8	VC-9	VC-10	TI
Monoterpenes
01	α-thujene	5.3	930	925	-	-	0.6 ± 0.8	-	0.4 ± 0.1	-	-	-	-	1.0 ± 1.0	a,b
02	α-pinene	5.5	939	932	-	0.1 ± 0.0	5.0 ± 0.6	7.4 ± 1.5	14.5 ± 3.2	6.2 ± 1.1	1.1 ± 0.0	2.3 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.0	a,b
03	sabinene	6.6	975	972	-	-	-	0.8 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.4	0.3 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.0	-	0.3 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.0	a,b
04	β-pinene	6.7	979	978	-	0.2 ± 0.1	-	3.4 ± 0.6	4.7 ± 1.0	5.9 ± 2.8	3.2 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.0	1.3 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	a,b
05	β-myrcene	7.0	991	989	-	-	8.8 ± 6.5	0.3 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.0	-	2.0 ± 0.0	-	a,b
06	p-cymene	8.2	1026	1024	-	0.2 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.5	-	6.8 ± 1.4	-	-	-	-	0.3 ± 0.0	a,b
07	limonene	8.3	1029	1028	-	-	0.4 ± 0.5	0.2 ± 0.0	3.0 ± 0.8	0.3 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.0	-	-	0.3 ± 0.0	a,b
Oxygenated Monoterpenes
08	eucalyptol	8.4	1031	1032	-	-	0.5 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.3	1.5 ± 0.4	0.2 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	0.8 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.0	a,b
09	γ-terpinene	9.3	1062	1056	-	-	0.2 ± 0.2	-	7.0 ± 2.1	-	-	-	-	-	a,b
Sesquiterpenes
10	δ-elemene	20.5	1338	1328	1.5 ± 0.1	-	0.1 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	-	0.1 ± 0.0	-	-	-	-	a,b
11	α-cubebene	21.2	1351	1343	-	-	0.1 ± 0.1	-	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.1	-	-	-	0.2 ± 0.0	a,b
12	α-copaene	22.4	1377	1372	2.6 ± 0.0	1.7 ± 0.9	0.9 ± 0.9	1.0 ± 0.1	3.4 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.0	-	0.3 ± 0.3	11.6 ± 0.3	a,b
13	β-bourbonene	22.7	1380	1379	1.4 ± 0.1	1.9 ± 1.2	1.3 ± 1.2	1.8 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.0	1.7 ± 0.0	a,b
14	β-cubebene	22.9	1390	1384	-	-	0.9 ± 1.1	0.1 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.1	-	-	2.2 ± 0.0	a,b
15	β-elemene	23	1391	1386	4.81 ± 0.4	1.5 ± 0.8	1.5 ± 0.8	3.7 ± 0.4	2.4 ± 0.1	1.8 ± 0.0	1.1 ± 0.1	3.2 ± 0.1	2.1 ± 0.0	1.5 ± 0.0	a,b
16	α-cedrene	23.6	1412	1403	-	-	-	-	-	0.1 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.2	3.1 ± 0.0	-	0.2 ± 0.0	a,b
17	β-caryophyllene	24.2	1419	1416	8.5 ± 0.8	21.0 ± 13.5	26.2 ± 1.5	27.3 ± 2.3	10.8 ± 1.8	22.9 ± 3.1	27.8 ± 0.1	15.3 ± 0.0	41.2 ± 0.2	9.3 ± 0.2	a,b,c
18	β-gurjunene	24.6	1432	1425	0.2 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.3	0.4 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.0	0.8 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	1.5 ± 0.0	a,b
19	β-farnesene	25.1	1446	1437	-	0.1 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.8	4.5 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.9	0.4 ± 0.1	-	-	-	0.2 ± 0.0	a,b
20	α-humulene	25.6	1455	1451	1.4 ± 0.1	4.6 ± 2.2	4.1 ± 0.4	5.1 ± 0.5	1.8 ± 0.4	3.4 ± 0.5	3.9 ± 0.0	31.6 ± 0.1	6.1 ± 0.0	4.1 ± 0.1	a,b,c
21	alloaromadendrene	25.8	1460	1455	2.7 ± 0.0	1.8 ± 2.9	0.2 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.2	5.3 ± 3.4	10.5 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	a,b
22	γ-gurjunene	26.5	1477	1471	1.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.0	0.6 ± 0.3	0.1 ± 0.0	2.0 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.0	3.0 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0	a,b
23	γ-muurolene	26.7	1477	1477	6.9 ± 0.1	9.9 ± 3.5	2.5 ± 2.2	10.8 ± 0.5	4.6 ± 1.2	15.3 ± 4.8	2.7 ± 0.0	1.3 ± 0.0	5.3 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.0	a,b
24	unknown	26.8	-	1480	-	-	-	-	-	3.1 ± 1.2	-	0.4 ± 0.0	2.9 ± 0.1	-	-
25	δ-selinene	27	1485	1483	-	-	8.5 ± 6.5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	a,b
26	β-selinene	27.0	1490	1484	0.2 ± 0.0	0.3 ± 0.2	6.6 ± 2.7	0.4 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	3.3 ± 1.0	1.1 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	7.0 ± 0.1	2.2 ± 0.0	a,b
27	α-alasken	27.3	1498	1491	-	4.8 ± 0.7	5.9 ± 6.5	16.2 ± 1.1	4.6 ± 1.4	6.1 ± 0.2	2.4 ± 0.0	3.4 ± 0.0	3.4 ± 0.0	1.3 ± 0.0	a,b
28	bicyclogermacrene	27.4	1500	1494	39.6 ± 1.3	0.9 ± 0.9	0.4 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.0	0.3 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.0	-	0.3 ± 0.0	1.3 ± 0.0	a,b
29	β-bisabolene	27.8	1506	1505	-	1.7 ± 0.6	0.4 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.1	-	0.4 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.0	4.6 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	-	a,b
30	sesquicineol	28.0	1516	1509	0.1 ± 0.0	0.7 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.0	-	0.2 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.0	0.6 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	-	a,b
31	cubebol	28.1	1518	1511	0.6 ± 0.0	-	0.5 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.0	4.7 ± 0.3	0.6 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0	1.1 ± 0.0	1.9 ± 0.0	a,b
32	δ-cadinene	28.2	1523	1515	8.3 ± 0.3	1.9 ± 1.8	1.1 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.0	7.9 ± 0.8	1.2 ± 0.2	2.9 ± 0.0	-	1.3 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	a,b
33	γ-bisabolene	28.5	1531	1523	-	0.3 ± 0.0	-	-	-	-	0.2 ± 0.0	2.1 ± 0.0	-	-	a,b
34	cadina-1(2),4-diene	28.7	1535	1528	0.1 ± 0.0	-	-	-	-	-	0.8 ± 0.1	-	-	-	a,b
35	1, 4,7, -cyclododecatriene,1,5,9,9-tetramethyl	29.1	1567	1536	-	1.9 ± 0.6	0.2 ± 0.2	-	-	-	0.2 ± 0.0	-	-	0.6 ± 0.0	a,b
Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes
36	sesquisabinene hydrate	29.2	1544	1541	-	1.2 ± 0.4	0.1 ± 0.2	-	-	-	0.5 ± 0.0	-	-	0.2 ± 0.0	a,b
37	unknown	29.4	-	1545	-	0.1 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.0	-	0.1 ± 0.0	0.6 ± 0.0	-	0.1 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.0	-
38	unknown	29.7	-	1551	-	0.3 ± 0.0	0.8 ± 0.5	-	-	0.4 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.0	-	0.3 ± 0.0	-
39	unknown	29.9	-	1557	-	0.1 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.2	0.1 ± 0.0	-	0.3 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.0	1.5 ± 0.0	-	0.5 ± 0.0	-
40	unknown	30.3		1567	-	0.1 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 3.2	-	2.5 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.5	0.2 ± 0.0	-	0.1 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	-
41	spathulenol	30.4	1578	1571	12.5 ± 1.1	0.9 ± 0.4	1.8 ± 2.1	3.4 ± 1.3	2.6 ± 0.8	2.5 ± 0.8	5.3 ± 0.1	5.8 ± 0.1	2.6 ± 0.0	3.0 ± 01	a,b
42	caryophyllene oxide	30.6	1583	1577	0.4 ± 0.1	2.0 ± 1.6	3.4 ± 1.1	1.9 ± 0.7	1.9 ± 0.5	2.7 ± 1.1	10.2 ± 0.0	7.0 ± 0.1	9.8 ± 0.1	26.8 ± 0.2	a,b
43	unknown	30.8		1580	2.9 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.6	1.7 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.5	1.3 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	-	1.0 ± 0.0	-
44	epiglobulol	30.9	1585	1583	-	0.2 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.1	-	0.2 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.0	3.1 ± 0.1	-	0.4 ± 0.2	a,b
45	humulene epoxide II	31.7	1609	1603	0.5 ± 0.0	0.7 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.2	0.4 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.0	5.6 ± 0.1	a,b
46	humulane-1,6-dien-3-ol	32.0	1619	1612	-	0.3 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.3	0.1 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.1	3.1 ± 1.2	0.5 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0	0.3 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.1	a,b
47	selina-6-en-4-ol	32.2	-	1617	-	-	0.1 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.3	1.9 ± 0.8	0.1 ± 0.0	0.3 ± 0.0	-	0.3 ± 0.1	a,b
48	unknown	32.3	-	1621	1.1 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	1.5 ± 1.3	0.2 ± 0.0	1.5 ± 1.3	0.3 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.0	0.3 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.0	-
49	unknown	32.7	-	1631	-	0.7 ± 0.6	0.2 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.0	0.3 ± 0.0	1.2 ± 0.0	1.8 ± 0.1	-
50	cubenol	32.9	1640	1637	0.2 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 2.2	0.7 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	2.4 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.0	0.8 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	a,b
51	unknown	33.1	-	1642	0.2 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.0	2.7 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	2.0 ± 0.1	-
52	α-cadinol	33.4	1654	1650	1.1 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.2	0.6 ± 0.1	3.9 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.0	0.6 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	a,b
53	eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol	33.6	1676	1654	-	0.5 ± 0.1	2.1 ± 1.4	0.2 ± 0.1	-	1.1 ± 0.3	0.2 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.0	0.8 ± 0.0	5.2 ± 0.3	a,b
54	calamene-10-ol	33.8	1661	1659	0.3 ± 0.0	0.4 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.2	0.4 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	1.5 ± 0.1	a,b
55	unknown	34.1	-	1668	0.3 ± 0.0	0.3 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.3	0.1 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0	-	2.3 ± 0.1	-
56	bisabolene	34.8	1689	1687	0.4 ± 0.0	33.1 ± 28.4	0.2 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.0	-	0.2 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	0.3 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.2	a,b
57	unknown	34.9	-	1691	0.2 ± 0.0	0.8 ± 0.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
58	unknown	36.3	-	1727	-	-	0.3 ± 0.4	0.1 ± 0.1	-	-	0.2 ± 0.1	-	-	2.2 ± 0.2	-
59	unknown	39.1	-	1808	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.7 ± 0.1	-
identified compounds (%)					95.3	95.9	91.5	96.3	94.0	92.8	93.4	91.5	94.8	90.2
unknown compounds (%)					4.7	4.1	8.5	3.7	6.0	7.2	6.6	8.5	5.2	9.8
monoterpenes (%)					-	0.5	16	12.1	31	13.,5	5.7	3.5	4.1	2.6
oxygenated monoterpenes (%)					-	-	0.7	1.0	8.5	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.8	1.2
sesquiterpenes (%)					80	55.6	63.6	74.9	48.2	65.8	62.9	67.9	73.5	41.8
oxygenated sesquiterpenes (%)					15.3	40.4	11.1	8.3	6.3	13.3	24.7	19.9	16.4	44.6
Total					100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100

IT: identification type; (-): compound not detected; a: identification based on the retention index, b: identification based on the mass spectrum (70 eV), c: substance identified by the co-injection of the commercial synthetic standard; RT: retention time in minutes; RI¹: retention index of the literature, RI²: retention index calculated. Mean values of the area of the total ion chromatogram (TIC), followed by the respective standard deviation ( ± ).

Table 2 Correlation between component loadings for the first four principal components and 15 major essential oil compounds (C01-C15) of the analyzed Varronia curassavica populations.

Compound	N°	Principal component
Compound	N°	PCA1	PCA2	PCA3	PCA4
muurolene	C01	-0.22^ns	0.45^ns	0.70^*	0.13^ns
α-pinene	C02	0.47^ns	-0.66^*	0.55^ns	-0.13^ns
β-caryophyllene	C03	-0.01^ns	-0.03^ns	-0.15^ns	0.42^ns
δ-cadinene	C04	-0.91^*	-0.06^ns	0.33^ns	-0.18^ns
terpinene	C05	-0.27^ns	-0.66^*	0.21^ns	0.62^ns
cymene	C06	-0.32^ns	-0.80^*	-0.29^ns	0.21^ns
alloaromadendrene	C07	-0.21^ns	0.59^ns	0.56^ns	0.16^ns
caryophyllene oxide	C08	0.59^ns	-0.26^ns	0.33^ns	-0.24^ns
α -humulene	C09	0.79^*	0.33^ns	0.39^ns	0.14^ns
copaene	C10	-0.92^*	-0.17^ns	0.19^ns	-0.3^ns
bicyclogermacrene	C11	-0.95^*	0.06^ns	0.15^ns	-0.23^ns
bisabolol	C12	0.19^ns	0.55^ns	-0.13^ns	-0.62^ns
α -alasken	C13	0.48^ns	-0.63^*	0.49^ns	-0.29^ns
myrcene	C14	-0.13^ns	-0.32^ns	0.88^*	-0.03^ns
spathulenol	C15	-0.01^ns	0.77^*	0.35^ns	0.45^ns
Eigenvalue		4.31	3.67	2.83	1.58
% of Variance		28.71	24.45	18.86	10.56

Significance is indicated as follows: ^*significance at 5% nominal level; ^**significance at 1% nominal level; ^nsnot significant by the t-test.

Table 3 Content of the 15 principal components of essential oil (C01-C15) for the three groups (A, B, C) found in 10 Varronia curassavica accessions.

Compound	Nº	Content [%]
Compound	Nº	A	B	C
muurolene	C01	8.74 ± 1.69	8.63 ± 0.69	8.44 ± 0.35
α-pinene	C02	8.16 ± 3.43	9.36 ± 0.83	9.32 ± 0.39
β-caryophyllene	C03	8.16 ± 3.43	9.36 ± 0.83	9.32 ± 0.39
δ-cadinene	C04	8.16 ± 3.43	9.36 ± 0.83	9.32 ± 0.39
terpinene	C05	6.68 ± 3.2	8.12 ± 0.69	4.74 ± 4.11
cymeno	C06	8.06 ± 1.3	7.61 ± 1.44	7.17 ± 0.3
alloaromadendrene	C07	8.06 ± 1.3	7.61 ± 1.44	7.17 ± 0.3
caryophyllene oxide	C08	7.1 ± 3.47	8.68 ± 0.52	8.16 ± 0.34
α-humulene	C09	2.72 ± 3.59	6.07 ± 1.92	0 ± 0.00
copaene	C10	7.1 ± 3.47	8.68 ± 0.52	8.16 ± 0.34
bicyclogermacrene	C11	4.57 ± 3.64	0 ± 0.00	7.93 ± 0.33
bisabolol	C12	5.89 ± 3.27	8.98 ± 0.9	7.09 ± 0.41
α-alasken	C13	7.1 ± 3.47	8.68 ± 0.52	8.16 ± 0.34
myrceno	C14	2.72 ± 3.59	6.07 ± 1.92	0 ± 0.00
spathulenol	C15	5.89 ± 3.27	8.98 ± 0.9	7.09 ± 0.41

Contents of the main essential oil components are represented as the means ± standard deviations.

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Chemical diversity of accessions of the in vivo germplasm bank of Varronia curassavica (Jacq.)

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[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail: tulio-bq@hotmail.com