Herbicide management in glyphosate and sulfonylurea-tolerant soybeans

André Felipe Moreira Silva ^**Corresponding author: afmoreirasilva@hotmail.com

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – Piracicaba (SP), Brazil

Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht

Universidade Federal do Paraná – Palotina (PR), Brazil

Eduardo Seity Furlan Kashivaqui

Universidade Federal do Paraná – Palotina (PR), Brazil

Gustavo Soares da Silva

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – Piracicaba (SP), Brazil

Ana Ligia Giraldeli

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – Piracicaba (SP), Brazil

Lucas da Silva Araújo

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – Piracicaba (SP), Brazil

Leandro Paiola Albrecht

Universidade Federal do Paraná – Palotina (PR), Brazil

Giovani Apolari Ghirardello

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – Piracicaba (SP), Brazil

Ricardo Victoria Filho

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – Piracicaba (SP), Brazil

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

AUTHORS' CONTRIBUTIONS: Conceptualization: Silva, A.F.M.; Albrecht, A.J.P.; Victoria Filho, R.; Albrecht, L.P. Data curation: Silva, G.S.; Giraldeli, A.L.; Kashivaqui, E.S.F.; Ghirardello, G.A. Formal analysis: Silva, A.F.M.; Araújo, L.S.; Albrecht, A.J.P. Writing – original draft: Silva, A.F.M. Writing - review & editing: all authors.

Treatments¹ 1 Comercial products: Curavial® (sulfometuron), Classic® (chlorimuron), Gladium® (ethoxysulfuron), Sempra® (halosulfuron), Roundup® Original (glyphosate).		Rates² 2 Rates in grams of active ingredient per hectare (g a.i. ha-1), for glyphosate rates in grams of acid equivalent per hectare (g a.e. ha-1).
1	control (without weeding)	-
2	control (with weeding)	-
3	sulfometuron	15
4	chlorimuron	20
5	sulfometuron + chlorimuron	15 + 20
6	ethoxysulfuron	60
7	halosulfuron	80
8	glyphosate	960
9	sulfometuron + glyphosate	15 + 960
10	chlorimuron + glyphosate	20 + 960
11	sulfometuron + chlorimuron + glyphosate	15 + 20 + 960
12	ethoxysulfuron + glyphosate	60 + 960
13	halosulfuron + glyphosate	80 + 960

Treatments¹ 1 co (control), sul (sulfometuron – 15 g a.i. ha-1), chl (chlorimuron – 20 g a.i. ha-1) eth (ethoxysulfuron – 60 g a.i. ha-1), hal (halosulfuron - 80 g a.i. ha-1), gly (glyphosate – 960 g a.e. ha-1).		Crop injury
		7		14		21		28
1	co (without weeding)	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a
2	co (with weeding)	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a
3	sul	1.00	ab	0.50	a	0.00	a	0.00	a
4	chl	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a
5	sul + chl	1.75	ab	0.75	a	0.75	ab	0.00	a
6	eth	0.25	a	0.25	a	0.00	a	0.00	a
7	hal	0.25	a	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a
8	gly	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a
9	sul + gly	0.75	a	0.75	a	0.75	ab	0.00	a
10	chl + gly	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a
11	sul + chl + gly	8.75	c	6.00	b	2.75	b	2.75	b
12	eth + gly	3.50	ab	0.50	a	0.00	a	0.00	a
13	hal + gly	5.00	bc	2.25	a	2.00	ab	0.00	a
	Mean	1.63		0.84		0.48		0.21
	CV (%)	27.76		24.66		28.56		15.94
	LSD	4.04		2.63		2.66		1.43
	F	10.745		10.052		2.858		7.118
	P > F	0.000*		0.000*		0.007*		0.000*

Treatments¹ 1 co (control), sul (sulfometuron – 15 g a.i. ha-1), chl (chlorimuron – 20 g a.i. ha-1) eth (ethoxysulfuron – 60 g a.i. ha-1), hal (halosulfuron – 80 g a.i. ha-1), gly (glyphosate – 960 g a.e. ha-1).		Crop injury
		7		14		21		28
1	co (without weeding)	-		-		-		-
2	co (with weeding)	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a
3	sul	7.00	bc	2.00	ab	0.25	a	0.00	a
4	chl	1.00	a	1.75	ab	0.25	a	0.00	a
5	sul + chl	9.50	c	7.00	c	3.75	bc	3.00	bc
6	eth	7.50	bc	4.75	bc	2.25	ab	1.25	ab
7	hal	5.25	b	2.00	ab	0.50	a	0.00	a
8	gly	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a	0.00	a
9	sul + gly	14.25	d	13.00	d	9.50	d	7.00	d
10	chl + gly	8.50	c	8.25	c	6.00	c	3.75	c
11	sul + chl + gly	36.25	g	38.50	f	33.50	f	28.50	f
12	eth + gly	29.00	f	22.25	e	15.50	e	12.00	e
13	hal + gly	19.75	e	15.75	d	10.50	d	6.25	d
	Mean	11.50		9.60		6.83		5.15
	CV (%)	10.47		16.56		18.78		16.64
	LSD	2.99		3.95		3.19		2.13
	F	365.645		206.633		233.706		372.680
	P > F	0.000*		0.000*		0.000*		0.000*

Treatments¹ 1 co (control), sul (sulfometuron – 15 g a.i. ha-1), chl (chlorimuron – 20 g a.i. ha-1) eth (ethoxysulfuron – 60 g a.i. ha-1), hal (halosulfuron – 80 g a.i. ha-1), gly (glyphosate – 960 g a.e. ha-1). HP: height of first pod insertion, and height (cm), yield (kg ha-1).		HP	Height		Yield
1	co (without weeding)	-	-		-
2	co (with weeding)	26.88	108.97	a	4,296	ab
3	sul	25.72	99.22	abcd	4,081	ab
4	chl	26.63	105.94	abc	4,079	ab
5	sul + chl	25.82	95.38	cde	3,949	ab
6	eth	25.35	95.91	bcd	4,420	a
7	hal	25.53	98.72	abcd	4,231	ab
8	gly	26.16	106.13	ab	4,406	a
9	sul + gly	25.47	98.07	bcd	4,401	a
10	chl + gly	24.91	91.66	def	3,926	ab
11	sul + chl + gly	23.60	84.94	ef	3,809	b
12	eth + gly	24.13	82.57	f	4,060	ab
13	hal + gly	25.13	91.75	def	4,274	ab
	Mean	25.44	96.60		4161.41
	CV (%)	6.67	4.46		5.56
	LSD	4.22	10.70		574.22
	F	1.228	14.245		3.182
	P > F	0.308^ns ns non-significant.	0.000**		0.005**

Treatments¹ 1 co (control), sul (sulfometuron – 15 g a.i. ha-1), chl (chlorimuron – 20 g a.i. ha-1) eth (ethoxysulfuron – 60 g a.i. ha-1), hal (halosulfuron – 80 g a.i. ha-1), gly (glyphosate – 960 g a.e. ha-1).		Control								Dry mass		Yield
		7		14		21		28		Dry mass		Yield
1	co	0.00	d	0.00	d	0.00	d	0.00	e	16.78	d	1,945	cd
1	(without weeding)	0.00	d	0.00	d	0.00	d	0.00	e	16.78	d	1,945	cd
2	co	100.00	a	100.00	a	100.00	a	100.00	a	0.00	a	3,395	ab
2	(with weeding)	100.00	a	100.00	a	100.00	a	100.00	a	0.00	a	3,395	ab
3	sul	53.75	c	61.25	bc	56.25	bc	55.00	cd	7.47	c	1,778	d
4	chl	50.00	c	61.25	bc	53.75	bc	46.25	cd	12.66	d	2,256	bcd
5	sul + chl	62.50	b	67.50	b	67.50	b	65.00	b	6.16	bc	3,597	a
6	eth	56.25	b	56.25	bc	45.00	c	37.50	d	14.59	d	1,388	d
7	hal	47.50	c	47.50	c	45.00	c	40.00	d	14.93	d	2,195	bcd
8	gly	88.75	a	93.75	a	96.00	a	96.50	a	1.45	ab	3,156	abc
9	sul + gly	88.75	a	94.50	a	96.75	a	96.75	a	0.93	a	3,725	a
10	chl + gly	87.50	a	93.00	a	94.25	a	94.75	a	1.90	ab	3,807	a
11	sul + chl + gly	89.25	a	93.50	a	94.25	a	95.25	a	1.13	a	3,646	a
12	eth + gly	91.25	a	94.75	a	93.75	a	93.75	a	2.09	ab	3,726	a
13	hal + gly	87.50	a	88.75	a	92.50	a	96.50	a	0.94	a	3,347	ab
	Mean	69.46		73.23		71.92		70.55		6.24		2,920
	CV (%)	16.66		17.13		16.02		12.54		32.16		17.88
	LSD	9.57		9.34		8.89		7.10		5.02		1,308
	F	70.466		69.292		90.434		166.148		39.734		11.124
	P > F	0.000*		0.000*		0.000*		0.000*		0.000*		0.000*

Brasil