Viability of <i>Cyperus rotundus</i> L. tubers after application of herbicide in pre- and postemergence

Giraldeli, Ana Ligia; Silva, André Felipe Moreira; Brito, Felipe Carrara de; Lima, Robson Josadaque Nogueira de; Santos, Beatriz Sizilio dos; Oliveira, Diogo Alexandre Góes de; Victoria Filho, Ricardo

doi:10.1590/1808-1657000532019

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SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE • Arq. Inst. Biol. 87 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000532019 copy

Viability of Cyperus rotundus L. tubers after application of herbicide in pre- and postemergence^* * This paper is part of the doctoral thesis of the first author.

Viabilidade de tubérculos de Cyperus rotundus L. após a aplicação de herbicidas em pré e pós-emergência

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Chemical management is the most widely adopted technique to control weeds in sugarcane crops. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is among the most difficult species to control. Herbicides need to be absorbed and translocated in a sufficient amount for the tuber chain to be effective. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the herbicides sulfentrazone, diclosulam, imazapic, imazapyr, halosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, monosodium methyl arsenate (MSMA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in controlling C. rotundus and reducing the viability of its tubers. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with nine treatments and four replications. The herbicides sulfentrazone (800 g active ingredient – ai·ha^?1), diclosulam (193.17 g ai·ha^?1), imazapic (133 g ai·ha^?1), and imazapyr (500 g acid equivalent – ae·ha^?1) were applied in preemergence at five days after planting the tubers, while halosulfuron (112.5 g ai·ha^?1), ethoxysulfuron (135 g ai·ha^?1), MSMA (1,975 g ai·ha^?1), and 2,4-D (1,340 g ae·ha^?1) were applied in postemergence (4 to 5 leaves). The parameters visual control, shoot dry matter, number of tubers and bulbs, weight of tubers + bulbs, number of epigeal manifestations, and tuber viability were analyzed. The herbicides diclosulam, halosulfuron, and ethoxysulfuron provided 100% control of the shoot at 90 days after application (DAA). All herbicides reduced the number of bulbs, weight of tubers + bulbs, and shoot dry matter. The herbicides sulfentrazone, imazapic, halosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, and MSMA provided the highest reduction in tuber viability.

KEYWORDS
control; weeds; purple nutsedge; tetrazolium

P (Resin)	O.M.	pH		K	Ca	Mg	Al	H + Al	SB	CEC	V	m
mg·dm^-3	g·dm^-3	CaCl₂		mmol_c·dm^-3							%
7	42	4.9		1.69	48.49	14.65	0.26	22	64.83	86.83	74.66	0.4
Sand			Silt						Clay
35.3%			23.7%						41%

Herbicide	Commercial product	Rate¹ 1 Rates at g ai·ha-1 and at ae·ha-1 for herbicides 2,4-D and imazapyr;	Time of application² 2 Time of application: pre (five days after planting) and post (22 days after planting; plants with 4 to 5 leaves).
Control	-	-	-
Sulfentrazone	Boral 500 SC	800	Pre-
Diclosulam	Coact	193.17	Pre-
Imazapic	Plateau	133	Pre-
Imazapyr	Contain	500	Pre-
Halosulfuron	Sempra	112.5	Post-
Ethoxysulfuron	Gladium	135	Post-
MSMA	Volcane	1,975	Post-
2,4-D	DMA 806 BR	1,340	Post-

Treatments	7	15	30	45	60	75	90
Control	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Sulfentrazone	55.00	55.00	32.50	26.25	8.00	13.75	12.50
Diclosulam	78.75	91.75	96.50	98.75	98.75	100.00	100.00
Imazapic	63.75	71.25	75.00	92.00	98.75	99.00	99.00
Imazapyr	70.00	80.00	88.75	97.75	98.75	99.50	99.75
Halosulfuron	16.25	73.75	98.75	99.50	100.00	100.00	100.00
Ethoxysulfuron	16.25	62.50	94.00	97.50	100.00	100.00	100.00
MSMA	25.00	57.50	72.50	50.00	40.00	66.25	56.25
2,4-D	11.25	68.75	78.75	85.25	94.00	95.50	93.75
Mean	37.36	62.27	70.75	71.88	70.91	74.88	73.47

Treatments	7 ^ns ns non-significant; DAA: days after application.	15^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by TUKEY’s (1949) test (p < 0.05);	30^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by TUKEY’s (1949) test (p < 0.05);	45^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by TUKEY’s (1949) test (p < 0.05);	60^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by TUKEY’s (1949) test (p < 0.05);	75^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by TUKEY’s (1949) test (p < 0.05);	90^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by TUKEY’s (1949) test (p < 0.05);
Control	12.50	16.50b	15.00c	19.25 d	13.25c	14.00 d	13.50c
Sulfentrazone	10.50	12.00ab	11.25abc	11.50c	9.50b	7.75c	5.50b
Diclosulam	7.25	6.75a	5.50ab	3.00ab	0.75a	0.00a	0.00a
Imazapic	11.00	14.00ab	11.50bc	7.25bc	2.00a	1.00ab	0.50ab
Imazapyr	7.50	8.25ab	7.50ab	4.25ab	1.00a	0.50a	0.25a
Halosulfuron	12.75	11.50ab	4.25a	0.25a	0.00a	0.00a	0.00a
Ethoxysulfuron	10.25	10.25ab	7.00ab	1.75ab	0.00a	0.00a	0.00a
MSMA	12.25	12.50ab	10.75abc	11.25c	7.25b	4.75bc	3.75ab
2,4-D	13.25	13.25ab	6.00ab	3.25ab	2.75a	3.25ab	3.00ab
Mean	10.80	11.67	8.75	6.86	4.05	3.47	2.94
LSD	6.29	7.82	7.14	5.86	3.36	4.22	5.02
CV (%)	24.47	28.19	18.36	19.0	16.73	20.54	26.2

Treatments	T + B (g)^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by TUKEY’s (1949) test (p < 0.05); T + B: weight of tubers + bulbs; NT: number of tubers; NB: number of bulbs; DAA: days after application.	NT^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by TUKEY’s (1949) test (p < 0.05); T + B: weight of tubers + bulbs; NT: number of tubers; NB: number of bulbs; DAA: days after application.	NB^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by TUKEY’s (1949) test (p < 0.05); T + B: weight of tubers + bulbs; NT: number of tubers; NB: number of bulbs; DAA: days after application.	Shoot dry mass (g)^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by TUKEY’s (1949) test (p < 0.05); T + B: weight of tubers + bulbs; NT: number of tubers; NB: number of bulbs; DAA: days after application.	Viability
Control	8.94c	6.00c	26.50c	0.73c	5
Sulfentrazone	5.91b	5.25bc	9.00b	0.44b	3
Diclosulam	2.21a	4.00ab	0.00a	0.00a	4
Imazapic	3.80ab	3.75ab	4.25a	0.00a	3
Imazapyr	2.31a	3.25a	1.25a	0.00a	4
Halosulfuron	2.91a	4.00ab	1.25a	0.00a	3
Ethoxysulfuron	2.90a	4.00ab	2.00a	0.00a	3
MSMA	2.88a	3.50ab	4.25a	0.10a	3
2,4-D	3.30a	4.00ab	3.00a	0.13a	4
Mean	3.91	4.19	5.72	0.15
LSD	2.50	1.78	4.44	0.21
CV (%)	26.90	17.92	22.14	3.48

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[1] **Corresponding author: afmoreirasilva@hotmail.com

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Viability of Cyperus rotundus L. tubers after application of herbicide in pre- and postemergence* * This paper is part of the doctoral thesis of the first author.

Viabilidade de tubérculos de Cyperus rotundus L. após a aplicação de herbicidas em pré e pós-emergência

ABSTRACT

Viability of Cyperus rotundus L. tubers after application of herbicide in pre- and postemergence^* * This paper is part of the doctoral thesis of the first author.