1997 Garmel |
34 |
G4 P2 |
9 weeks |
N/A |
Yes |
bed rest, ice packs, lumbosacral support, physical therapy, and pain medication |
N/A |
N/A |
L5-S1, LE and DE |
No |
No |
1995 LaBan |
29
|
G1 P0 |
6 weeks |
11 weeks |
No |
5 weeks |
N/A |
N/A |
L5-S1, LE, DE |
No |
N/A |
2008 Han |
30 |
N/A |
N/A |
11 weeks |
No |
N/A |
Epidural |
Prone |
L4-L5 and L5-S1, posterior lumbar interbody fusion |
No |
No |
2008 Han |
32 |
N/A |
N/A |
11 weeks |
No |
N/A |
Epidural |
Prone |
L4-L5, partial hemiLE, DE |
No |
No |
2007 Curtin |
37 |
G3 P2 |
<1 week |
11 weeks |
Yes |
Yes |
N/A |
N/A |
L4-L5, lumbar DE and nerve root decompression |
No |
18 months - persistent paraesthesia down the back of both legs and anesthesia in the saddle area |
2014 Speirs |
24 |
G2 P2 |
15 weeks |
15 weeks |
Yes |
No |
General |
Prone |
L5-S1, DE |
No |
No |
2008 Han |
30 |
N/A |
N/A |
15 weeks |
No |
N/A |
Epidural |
Right lateral decubitus |
L5-S1, partial hemiLE, DE |
No |
No |
Author's data |
31 |
G1 P1 |
4 weeks |
16 weeks |
No |
Yes |
Epidural anesthesia |
Right lateral |
InterLE of L5-S1 on the left, DE |
No |
10 months - reherniation without need for urgent reoperation |
2001 Brown |
32 |
G0 P0 |
13 weeks |
16 weeks |
No |
Bed rest, analgesics, epidural steroid injection |
Epidural |
Prone |
L5, right LE, partial facetectomy, nerve root decompression; L5-S1, DE |
No |
10 months - a trace of weakness in the left peroneal muscle group |
2004 Vougioukas |
36 |
N/A |
N/A |
18 weeks |
No |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
L5-S1, nucleotomy |
No |
No |
2006 Abou-Shameh |
34 |
G2 P1 |
14 weeks |
19 weeks |
No |
4 days - bed rest, routine analgesia |
General |
Knee/ elbow, with simple side supports |
L4-5, right-sided DE |
No |
No |
2003 Reihani-Kermani |
26 |
G0 P0 |
<16 weeks |
20 weeks |
Yes |
4 weeks - pain medication, exercise plan |
N/A |
N/A |
L4, LE; L3-L4, partial DE |
No |
3 months - foot drop |
2008 Mohapatra |
30 |
G1 P1 |
<17 weeks |
20 weeks |
Yes |
Yes |
General |
Prone |
L5 and S1, LE; L5- S1, DE |
No |
7 month - persistent weakness in the feet; incontinent bladder and bowel |
2003 Iyilikçi |
31 |
G0 P0 |
<16 weeks |
20 weeks |
No |
N/A |
General (tracheal intubation) |
Left lateral |
L5-S1, DE |
No |
No |
2001 Brown |
31 |
G0 P0 |
16 weeks |
20 weeks |
No |
3 weeks - bed rest, two epidural steroid injections, oral steroids, oxycodone, acetaminophen |
Epidural |
Prone |
L5-S1, hemiLE, partial facetectomy, DE |
No |
15 months - minimal residual hypoesthesia in the right planta |
2011 Lee |
32 |
G? P>0 |
12 weeks |
20 weeks |
No |
2 months |
General |
Left lateral |
L3, right extended medial facetectomy and adhesiolysis; L4-L5, DE |
No |
No |
Author's experience |
36 |
G1 P1 |
<17 weeks |
20 weeks |
Yes |
Yes |
Epidural |
Left lateral |
InterLE of L5-S1 on the right, DE |
No |
1 year - moderate discomfort in the right gluteal region |
1995 LaBan |
36 |
G3 P1 |
20 weeks |
20 weeks |
Yes |
No |
N/A |
N/A |
L5-S1, lumbar LE with DE |
No |
No |
2001 Brown |
41 |
G0 P0 |
14 weeks |
20 weeks |
Yes |
Yes |
Epidural |
Prone |
L5-S1, hemiLE, partial facetectomy, DE |
No |
4 years - persistent hypoesthesia on the right side of the perineum necessitating urethral dilatation at 3-month intervals; urinary stress incontinence; constipation; 50% improvement in bowel function |
1997 Garmel |
29 |
G0 P0 |
23 weeks |
24 weeks |
Yes |
2 days pain medication, range-of-motion exercises, and a walker |
N/A |
N/A |
L5-S1, DE |
No |
No |
2012 Hakan |
34 |
G2 P? |
25 weeks |
25 weeks |
Yes |
No |
General |
Prone |
L5-S1 right partial hemilaminotomy, microDE |
No |
6-month - bowel and bladder were nearly normal, reduced sensation in the sacral area was continuing |
2008 Han |
34 |
N/A |
N/A |
26 weeks |
No |
N/A |
Epidural |
Right lateral decubitus |
L4-L5, partial hemiLE, DE |
No |
No |
2015 Martel |
27 |
G1 P0 |
26 weeks |
28 weeks |
No |
6 days of - dexamethasone |
General |
Prone |
L4-L5, left hemiLE, medial facetectomy, microDE, foraminotomy |
No |
No |
1997 Garmel |
28 |
G5 P1 |
29 weeks |
30 weeks |
Yes |
4 days of pain medication |
N/A |
N/A |
L5-S1, LE and DE |
No |
3 months - minimal foot numbness |
2007 Kim |
30 |
G0 P0 |
22 weeks |
30 weeks |
Yes |
Yes |
Regional |
Prone |
L4-L5, DE |
No |
3 months - persistent hypoesthesia and slightly weakened dorsiflexion on the left side |
2008 Han |
33 |
N/A |
N/A |
30 weeks |
No |
N/A |
Epidural |
Left lateral decubitus |
L4-L5, partial hemiLE, DE |
No |
No |
2008 Han |
30 |
N/A |
N/A |
32 weeks |
No |
N/A |
Epidural |
Left lateral decubitus |
L4-L5, partial hemiLE, DE |
No |
No |
1998 Fahy |
32 |
G3 P? |
30 weeks |
32 weeks |
Yes |
No |
General |
Prone |
L4-L5, DE |
No |
7 months - slight residual weakness in the left anterior tibialis |
1998 Fahy |
31 |
N/A |
29 weeks |
33 weeks |
No |
4 weeks - analgesics, oral morphine, transcutaneous nerve stimulation |
General |
Prone |
L4-L5, left mini-DE |
No |
No |
2006 Kathirgamanathan |
34 |
G0 P0 |
33 weeks |
33 weeks |
Yes |
No |
General |
Left lateral position |
L4-L5, DE; L5, nerve root decompression. |
No |
No |
2014 Ochi |
33 |
N/A |
32 weeks |
Immediately after CS at 34th week |
No |
Yes, 2 weeks Patient received physical therapy and acetaminophen for pain relief |
Epidural |
Prone |
(34 weeks) L4-L5, left DE; (after 6 days) L4-L5, right DE |
Yes |
18 months - numbness and slightly weakened dorsiflexion in the left extremity |
2004 Vougioukas |
30 |
G0 P0 |
35 weeks |
35 weeks |
No |
1 day - analgesics, immobilization |
N/A |
Left lateral decubitus |
L4-L5, partial left DE, hemiLE |
No |
No |
2008 Gupta |
37 |
G2 P1 |
35 weeks |
Immediately after CS at 35th week |
Yes |
No |
General |
Prone |
L5-S1, DE |
Yes |
No |
2015 Geftler |
33 |
Gmulti Pmulti |
36 weeks |
Immediately after CS at 36th week |
Yes |
No |
General |
Prone |
L4-L5 partial aminoforaminotomy, DE |
Yes |
No |
1999 Timothy |
37 |
G0 P0 |
33 weeks |
4 weeks after 38 weeks uncomplicated ventouse delivery |
Yes |
Yes |
N\A |
N\A |
L5-S1, DE |
Yes |
2 years - gained some anal sphincter control; still uses intermittent catheterization to void urine; absent sensation in the perineal area with associated sexual dysfunction |