EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY ON THE SPINAL CORD

COSTA, HERTON RODRIGO TAVARES; GUIMARÃES, ELAINE APARECIDA DEL BEL BELLUZ; TEDESCO, ANTÔNIO CLAUDIO; PRIMO, FERNANDO LUCAS; SILVA, CÉLIA APARECIDA DA; LOPES, LUCIANA ALMEIDA; ZANARDI, LISINÉIA MARIA; DEFINO, HELTON LUIZ APARECIDO

doi:10.1590/S1808-185120191803214848

HERTON RODRIGO TAVARES COSTA

. University of São Paulo , Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto , Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil .

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3965-6886

ELAINE APARECIDA DEL BEL BELLUZ GUIMARÃES

. University of São Paulo , Dental School of Ribeirão Preto , Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil .

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4158-7376

ANTÔNIO CLAUDIO TEDESCO

. University of São Paulo , Faculty of Philosophy , Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil .

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4198-9321

FERNANDO LUCAS PRIMO

. University of São Paulo , Faculty of Philosophy , Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil .

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6293-4157

CÉLIA APARECIDA DA SILVA

. University of São Paulo , Dental School of Ribeirão Preto , Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology , Laboratory of Molecular Neurophysiology, Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil .

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7306-0715

LUCIANA ALMEIDA LOPES

. Research and Education Center for Phototherapy in Health Science (NUPEN), São Carlos , SP , Brazil .

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-2656

LISINÉIA MARIA ZANARDI

. Research and Education Center for Phototherapy in Health Science (NUPEN), São Carlos , SP , Brazil .

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-2557

HELTON LUIZ APARECIDO DEFINO

. University of São Paulo , Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto , Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil .

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4274-0130

Correspondence: Herton R. T. Costa, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre - CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil. herton.dort@hotmail.com

All authors declare no potential conflict of interest related to this article.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE AUTHORS: Each author made significant individual contributions to this manuscript. Study concept and design: HRTC (0000-0003-3965-6886)*, LAL (0000-0002-5873-2656)* and HLAD (0000-0003-4274-0130)*. Experimental procedures and data collection: HRTC, EADBB (0000-0002-4158-7376)*, FLP (0000-0001-6293-4157)* and CAS (0000-0001-7306-0715)*. Data interpretation and analysis: HRTC, FLP, CAS and ACT (0000-0003-4198-9321)*. Development of the article: HRTC, LAL, LMZ (0000-0001-6955-2557)*. Critical review of the article: ACT and HLAD. Review of the final version for submission: LAL and HLAD. *ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID).

Score	Characteristics	Comments
0	No hindlimb (HL) movements are observed
1	Mild movements of 1 or 2 HL joints	Mild – Less than 50% of joint capacity
2	Extensive movement of 1 joint and possible mild movement of another HL joint	Extensive – More than or equal to 50% of joint capacity
3	Extensive movement of 2 HL joints	Two joints = generally, hip and knee
4	Mild movements of all 3 joints	Three joints = hip, knee, and ankle
5	Mild movement of 2 joints and extensive movement of the 3rd HL joint
6	Extensive movements of 2 joints and delicate movement of the 3rd HL joint	3rd joint = ankle
7	Extensive movements of the 3 joints
8	Mild movements without supporting body weight or paw resting without supporting body weight	Rhythmic extension of 3 HL joints, with the trunk positioned sideways
9	Plantar rest with support of immobile body weight or occasional, frequent or consistent support of body weight with dorsal rest	Weight support = muscle contraction. HL extension during plantar rest of the paw or elevation of the immobile pelvis
10	Step occasionally supporting body weight, with no coordination between forelimbs (FL) and HL	Occasionally > 5% and lower than or equal to 50%. Steps – plantar contact with weight support; the HL advances to reestablish plantar contact. Coordination – simultaneous movements between the HL and FL, alternating between sides
11	Frequent to consistent steps with weight support without coordination between HL and FL	Frequency – 51 to 94% of the time; Consistent – 95 to 100% of the time
12	Frequent to consistent steps with support of body weight and occasional coordination between the FL and HL	60 to 50% coordinated locomotion
13	Frequent to consistent steps with support of body weight and frequent coordination between FL and HL	51 to 95% coordinated locomotion
14	Consistent step coordination with plantar rest and predominant position of the paw and rotation in the initial contact and in elevation, frequent plantar steps, consistent coordination between FL and occasionally with dorsal rest	Rotation => internal and external rotation of the hind paw when it is resting and raised
16	Consistent step coordination with plantar rest, predominant position of the paw in parallel in the initial contact and in elevation	Frequent liberty of the 1st toe => More than half the steps occur with no scratching sounds
17	Consistent step coordination with plantar rest, predominant position of the paw in parallel in the initial contact and in its elevation
18	Consistent coordination of the step with plantar rest and consistent liberation of the 1st toe. Position of the paw in parallel in the initial contact and in its elevation	Consistent scratching with 4 toes for a period of 4 minutes
19	Consistent coordination of the step with plantar rest, consistent liberation of the 1st toe. Position of the paw in parallel in the initial contact and in its elevation, with the tail downward most of the time	Tail downward => tail touches the floor during the steps
20	Consistent step coordination with plantar rest, consistent liberation of the 1st toe. Parallel position of the paw in the initial contact and in elevation, the tail consistently upward and trunk instability	Tail elevated => does not touch the floor. Trunk instability => trunk lateralization when turning rapidly (loss of balance)
21	Consistent coordination during walking, consistent movement of the 1st toe. Parallel position of the paw during rest and elevation. Tail upward. Consistent trunk stability.	Consistent trunk stability, without wobbling or falling, the movement of the pelvis and tail coordinated with locomotion.

[1] Correspondence: Herton R. T. Costa, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre - CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil. herton.dort@hotmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY ON THE SPINAL CORD

ESTUDO EXPERIMENTAL DOS EFEITOS NEUROTÓXICOS DA TERAPIA FOTODINÂMICA NA MEDULA ESPINHAL

ESTUDIO EXPERIMENTAL DE LOS EFECTOS NEUROTÓXICOS DE LA TERAPIA FOTODINÁMICA EN LA MÉDULA ESPINAL

ABSTRACT

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion