Systematic review of evidence on the association between
               personality and tinnitus

Mucci, Samantha; Geocze, Luciana; Abranches, Denise Caluta; Antúnez, Andrés Eduardo Aguirre; Penido, Norma de Oliveira

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.05.031

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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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Review Articles • Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. 80 (5) • Sep-Oct 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.05.031 copy

Systematic review of evidence on the association between personality and tinnitus ^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Mucci S, Geocze L, Abranches DC, Antúnez AE, Penido NO. Systematic review of evidence on the association between personality and tinnitus. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;80:441-7. ^☆☆ ☆☆ Institution: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

INTRODUCTION:

The scientific literature that personality traits are associated with the individual's adaptation to chronic diseases, becoming an important factor in the etiology and prognosis of physical illness. Some studies indicate that personality characteristics may influence the perception of tinnitus.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the scientific evidence of the association between tinnitus and personality.

METHODS:

A systematic review in the following databases: PubMed, SciELO, LILACS and Web of knowledge. Were selected only studies with patients older than 18 years, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish who established an association between tinnitus and personality.

RESULTS:

Seventeen of the 77 articles found were selected: 13 cross-sectional studies, two longitudinal studies, one validation study, and one birth cohort study. The samples ranged from 27 to 970 patients.

CONCLUSION:

Some personality traits, especially neuroticism, psychasthenia, and schizoid aspects, may be associated with tinnitus perception and with the annoyance due to this symptom.

Personality; Tinnitus; MMPI; Review

Authors and year	Study type	Sample	Personality assessment instruments	Major outcomes associated with tinnitus patients and conclusion
Reich GE and Jonhson RM, 1984.	Transversal	146	MMPI 168 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 168 short version)	High scores of neuroticism (hysteria, hypochondria, and depression) and in the scales of schizophrenia and paranoia.
Gerber K, Nehemkis AM, Charter RA, Jones HC, 1985–1986.	Transversal	45	Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)	Pathological levels in the scales of hypochondria and depression.
O’Connor S, Hawthorne MR, Britten SR, Webber P, 1987.	Transversal	105	Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)	9.5% had high neuroticism scores, but no significant correlation with severe tinnitus annoyance.
Collet L, Moussu MF, Dubreuil C, Disant F, Ahami T, Chanal JM, Morgon A, 1987.	Longitudinal prospective	27	MMPI	There were statistically significant differences associated to scales of depression, schizophrenia, and psychasthenia.
Collet L, Moussu MF, Disant F, Ahami T, Morgon A, 1990.	Transversal	100	MMPI	Men showed high levels on the depression scale. Psychasthenia is associated with hearing loss, and hypochondria is associated with a long symptomatic period.
Mckee GJ, Stephens SDG, 1992.	Transversal	37	Crown-Crisp Experiential Index	High scores of neuroticism.
Russo J, Katon W, Sullivan M, Clark M, Buchwald D, 1994.	Transversal	224	Structured Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview Schedule based on DSM-III-R; Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality.	Higher scores of pessimism, worry, impulsivity, neuroticism, and negative affectivity.
Meric C, Gartner M, Collet L, Chéry-Croze S, 1998.	Transversal	281	MMPI	Scores of neuroticism stand out
Rutter DR, Stein MJ, 1999.	Transversal	248	EPQ	Higher scores for neuroticism, but not statistically significant when compared to patients with chronic diseases.
Zachariae R, Mirz F, Johansen LY, Andersen SE, Bjerring P, Pedersen CB, 2000.	Validation	50	EPQ	High scores of neuroticism.
Vallianatou NG, Christodoulou P, Nestoros JN, Helidonis E, 2001.	Transversal	80	MMPI	Scores within average. Only the depression scale was higher.
Bayar N, Oguztürk O, Koç C, 2002.	Transversal	56	MMPI	High scores on psychasthenia scale. Women also had higher scores on hypochondria, hysteria, schizophrenia, and social introversion scales.
Lagenbach M, Olderog M, Michel O, Albus C, Köhle K, 2005.	Longitudinal prospective	48	Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Freibürger Persönlichkeitsinventar (FPI-R)	Statistically significant differences in scores of somatization, anxiety, and somatic complaints; and psychoticism, excitability, and tension.
Langguth B, Kleinjung T, Fischer B, Hajak G, Eichhammer P, Sand PG, 2007.	Transversal	72	NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI),	The traits of anxiety and neuroticism are associated with the presence of depressive symptoms and the severity of tinnitus.
Welsh D, Dawes PJD, 2008.	Cohort Longitudinal prospective	970	MPQ (Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire)	Personality traits may be associated with tinnitus.
Bartels H, Pedersen SS, Van der Laan BF, Staal MJ, Albers FW, Middel B, 2010.	Transversal	265	DS-14 (Type D Scale - 14)	The prevalence of patients with a pessimistic personality (type D personality) was 35.5%.
Bartels H, Middel B, Pedersen SS, Staal MJ, Albers FWJ, 2010.	Transversal	530	EPQ, DS-14, FFPI (Five-Factor Personality Inventory).	The personality traits of neuroticism and pessimism (type D) are prevalent in patients with tinnitus.

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: sammucci@gmail.com (S. Mucci).