Reich GE and Jonhson RM, 1984. |
Transversal |
146 |
MMPI 168 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory – 168 short version) |
High scores of neuroticism (hysteria,
hypochondria, and depression) and in the scales of schizophrenia and
paranoia. |
Gerber K, Nehemkis AM, Charter RA, Jones HC,
1985–1986. |
Transversal |
45 |
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI) |
Pathological levels in the scales of
hypochondria and depression. |
O’Connor S, Hawthorne MR, Britten SR, Webber P,
1987. |
Transversal |
105 |
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) |
9.5% had high neuroticism scores, but no
significant correlation with severe tinnitus annoyance. |
Collet L, Moussu MF, Dubreuil C, Disant F, Ahami
T, Chanal JM, Morgon A, 1987. |
Longitudinal prospective |
27 |
MMPI |
There were statistically significant differences
associated to scales of depression, schizophrenia, and
psychasthenia. |
Collet L, Moussu MF, Disant F, Ahami T, Morgon
A, 1990. |
Transversal |
100 |
MMPI |
Men showed high levels on the depression scale.
Psychasthenia is associated with hearing loss, and hypochondria is
associated with a long symptomatic period. |
Mckee GJ, Stephens SDG, 1992. |
Transversal |
37 |
Crown-Crisp Experiential Index |
High scores of neuroticism. |
Russo J, Katon W, Sullivan M, Clark M, Buchwald
D, 1994. |
Transversal |
224 |
Structured Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview
Schedule based on DSM-III-R; Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality. |
Higher scores of pessimism, worry, impulsivity,
neuroticism, and negative affectivity. |
Meric C, Gartner M, Collet L, Chéry-Croze S,
1998. |
Transversal |
281 |
MMPI |
Scores of neuroticism stand out |
Rutter DR, Stein MJ, 1999. |
Transversal |
248 |
EPQ |
Higher scores for neuroticism, but not
statistically significant when compared to patients with chronic
diseases. |
Zachariae R, Mirz F, Johansen LY, Andersen SE,
Bjerring P, Pedersen CB, 2000. |
Validation |
50 |
EPQ |
High scores of neuroticism. |
Vallianatou NG, Christodoulou P, Nestoros JN,
Helidonis E, 2001. |
Transversal |
80 |
MMPI |
Scores within average. Only the depression scale
was higher. |
Bayar N, Oguztürk O, Koç C, 2002. |
Transversal |
56 |
MMPI |
High scores on psychasthenia scale. Women also
had higher scores on hypochondria, hysteria, schizophrenia, and social
introversion scales. |
Lagenbach M, Olderog M, Michel O, Albus C, Köhle
K, 2005. |
Longitudinal prospective |
48 |
Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R),
Freibürger Persönlichkeitsinventar (FPI-R) |
Statistically significant differences in scores
of somatization, anxiety, and somatic complaints; and psychoticism,
excitability, and tension. |
Langguth B, Kleinjung T, Fischer B, Hajak G,
Eichhammer P, Sand PG, 2007. |
Transversal |
72 |
NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), |
The traits of anxiety and neuroticism are
associated with the presence of depressive symptoms and the severity of
tinnitus. |
Welsh D, Dawes PJD, 2008. |
Cohort Longitudinal prospective |
970 |
MPQ (Multidimensional Personality
Questionnaire) |
Personality traits may be associated with
tinnitus. |
Bartels H, Pedersen SS, Van der Laan BF, Staal
MJ, Albers FW, Middel B, 2010. |
Transversal |
265 |
DS-14 (Type D Scale - 14) |
The prevalence of patients with a pessimistic
personality (type D personality) was 35.5%. |
Bartels H, Middel B, Pedersen SS, Staal MJ,
Albers FWJ, 2010. |
Transversal |
530 |
EPQ, DS-14, FFPI (Five-Factor Personality
Inventory). |
The personality traits of neuroticism and
pessimism (type D) are prevalent in patients with tinnitus. |