Prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with cleft lip and palate

Lima, Leonardo Santos; Ribeiro, Gustavo Silveira; Aquino, Sibele Nascimento de; Volpe, Fernando Madalena; Martelli, Daniella Reis Barbosa; Swerts, Mário Sérgio Oliveira; Paranaíba, Lívia Maris Ribeiro; Martelli Júnior, Hercílio

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.01.004

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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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Artigos Originais • Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. 81 (2) • Apr 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.01.004 copy

Prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with cleft lip and palate ^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Lima LS, Ribeiro GS, de Aquino SN, Volpe FM, Martelli DR, Swerts MS, et al. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with cleft lip and palate. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;81:177-83. ^☆☆ ☆☆ Institution: Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

INTRODUCTION:

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) represent the most common congenital anomalies of the face.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (nsCL/P).

METHODS:

We conducted an observational, case-control study, with a case study group composed of 61 patients with nsCL/P, aged 7-17 years, and a control group of 61clinically normal patients. Both groups were selected at the same institution.

RESULTS:

Depressive symptoms were observed in the case group (nsCL/P), but there were no statistically significant differences compared to the control group. No association was found between the two groups (case and control) in relation to sociodemographic variables: gender, age and education.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study identified the prevalence of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with nsCL/P from a localized geographic population, although the results were not statistically significant when compared to the control group, not justifying the use of CDI (Child Depression Inventory) as a screening instrument for depressive symptoms in the examined population.

Cleft lip; Cleft palate; Depression; Child; Adolescent

Variables	Cases		Controls		Total		OR adjusted	OR	CI 95%	p
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Gender
Male	29	47.5	27	44.3	56	45.9	1.14	1.13	0.56–2.32	0.716
Female	32	52.5	34	55.7	66	54.1
Age (years)
7–9	23	37.7	21	34.4	44	36.1	1.40	1.38	0.68–2.85	0.364
10–13	20	32.8	26	42.6	46	37.7
14–17	18	29.5	14	23.0	32	26.2
Skin color
Leukoderma	35	57.4	24	39.3	59	48.3	2.07	2.0	1.00–4.27	0.048
Melanoderma	26	42.6	37	60.7	63	51.7
Depressive symptoms
Yes	13	21.3	08	13.1	21	17.2	1.80	1.77	0.68–4.70	0.234
No	48	78.7	53	86.9	101	82.8
Total	61	100	61	100	122	100

Sub-item	Cases	Controls	p
1	0.312	0.213	0.443
2	0.410	0.525	0.223
3	0.267	0.361	0.167
4	0.328	0.360	0.710
5	0.082	0.213	0.065
6	0.738	0.836	0.344
7	0.066	0.131	0.301
8	0.262	0.328	0.278
9	0.393	0.426	0.429
10	0.213	0.213	0.845
11	0.574	0.705	0.356
12	0.262	0.410	0.155
13	0.508	0.508	1.000
14	0.328	0.426	0.278
15	0.951	0.574	0.021^a
16	0.148	0.344	0.052
17	0.426	0.492	0.735
18	0.328	0.230	0.671
19	0.820	0.951	0.393
20	0.328	0.262	0.519
21	0.312	0.312	0.656
22	0.295	0.262	0.802
23	0.312	0.377	0.958
24	0.508	0.787	0.044^a
25	0.131	0.295	0.039^a
26	0.377	0.180	0.094
27	0.164	0.098	0.519

Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Sede da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico Facial, Av. Indianópolia, 1287, 04063-002 São Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (0xx11) 5053-7500, Fax: (0xx11) 5053-7512 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@aborlccf.org.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: hmjunior2000@yahoo.com (H. Martelli Júnior).