Facial trauma among victims of terrestrial transport accidents

d'Avila, Sérgio; Barbosa, Kevan Guilherme Nóbrega; Bernardino, Ítalo de Macedo; Nóbrega, Lorena Marques da; Bento, Patrícia Meira; Ferreira, Efigênia Ferreira e

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.10.004

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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. 82 (03) • May-Jun 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.10.004 copy

Facial trauma among victims of terrestrial transport accidents^{^☆} ☆ Please cite this article as: d'Avila S, Barbosa KGN, Bernardino IM, da Nóbrega LM, Bento PM, e Ferreira EF. Facial trauma among victims of terrestrial transport accidents. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82:314-20.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

In developing countries, terrestrial transport accidents - TTA, especially those involving automobiles and motorcycles - are a major cause of facial trauma, surpassing urban violence.

OBJECTIVE:

This cross-sectional census study attempted to determine facial trauma occurrence with terrestrial transport accidents etiology, involving cars, motorcycles, or accidents with pedestrians in the northeastern region of Brazil, and examine victims' socio-demographic characteristics.

METHODS:

Morbidity data from forensic service reports of victims who sought care from January to December 2012 were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Altogether, 2379 reports were evaluated, of which 673 were related to terrestrial transport accidents and 103 involved facial trauma. Three previously trained and calibrated researchers collected data using a specific form. Facial trauma occurrence rate was 15.3% (n = 103). The most affected age group was 20-29 years (48.3%), and more men than women were affected (2.81:1). Motorcycles were involved in the majority of accidents resulting in facial trauma (66.3%).

CONCLUSION:

The occurrence of facial trauma in terrestrial transport accident victims tends to affect a greater proportion of young and male subjects, and the most prevalent accidents involve motorcycles.

Keywords:
Forensic dentistry; Accidents traffic; Facial injuries; Face

	Facial trauma						p	PR (95% CI)
	Yes		No		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age range
≥19 years	9	17.3	43	82.7	52	100.0	0.036^{a and b}	1.90 (0.63–5.76)
20–29 years	44	21.0	166	79.0	210	100.0		2.30 (0.87–6.08)
30–39 years	14	9.2	139	90.8	153	100.0		1.01 (0.35–2.90)
40–49 years	14	12.6	97	87.4	111	100.0		1.39 (0.48–3.98)
50–59 years	6	14.6	35	85.4	41	100.0		1.61 (0.49–5.30)
≥60 years	4	9.1	40	90.9	44	100.0		1.00

Sex
Female	27	18.2	121	81.8	148	100.0	0.261^c	1.26 (0.85–1.88)
Male	76	14.5	449	85.5	525	100.0		1.00

Marital status
No partner	63	17.9	289	82.1	352	100.0	0.014^{a and c}	1.68 (1.10–2.55)
With partner	27	10.7	226	89.3	253	100.0		1.00

Education
No education	4	13.3	26	86.7	30	100.0	0.926^b	1.00
<8 years	26	14.9	149	85.1	175	100.0		1.11 (0.42–2.97)
8 years	10	18.2	45	81.8	55	100.0		1.36 (0.47–3.98)
>8 years	17	15.2	95	84.8	112	100.0		1.14 (0.41–3.13)

Occupation
With	63	13.4	407	86.6	470	100.0	0.471^c	1.00
Without	16	16.2	83	83.8	99	100.0		1.21 (0.73–2.00)

	Facial trauma						p	PR (95% CI)
	Yes		No		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Type of accident
Motorcycle	65	14.9	372	85.1	437	100.0	0.712^a	1.15 (0.62–2.13)
Automotive	23	17.0	112	83.0	135	100.0		1.31 (0.66–2.61)
Running over	10	13.0	67	87.0	77	100.0		1.00

Day
Monday	11	14.9	63	85.1	74	100.0	0.588^a	1.12 (0.56–2.25)
Tuesday	11	12.4	78	87.6	89	100.0		0.93 (0.46–1.88)
Wednesday	11	12.5	77	87.5	88	100.0		0.94 (0.47–1.90)
Thursday	15	17.4	71	82.6	86	100.0		1.32 (0.70–2.47)
Friday	13	13.8	81	86.2	94	100.0		1.04 (0.54–2.03)
Saturday	20	21.3	74	78.7	94	100.0		1.61 (0.90–2.87)
Sunday	18	13.2	118	86.8	136	100.0		1.00

Month
January	11	18.6	48	81.4	59	100.0	0.790^b	1.57 (0.65–3.77)
February	5	10.9	41	89.1	46	100.0		0.92 (0.31–2.70)
March	10	17.2	48	82.8	58	100.0		1.45 (0.59–3.56)
April	4	9.1	40	90.9	44	100.0		0.77 (0.24–2.46)
May	4	10.0	36	90.0	40	100.0		0.84 (0.26–2.69)
June	13	15.5	71	84.5	84	100.0		1.30 (0.55–3.07)
July	4	10.0	36	90.0	40	100.0		0.84 (0.26–2.69)
August	9	19.6	37	80.4	46	100.0		1.65 (0.66–4.09)
September	13	19.4	54	80.6	67	100.0		1.64 (0.70–3.82)
October	8	13.6	51	86.4	59	100.0		1.14 (0.44–2.95)
November	11	18.3	49	81.7	60	100.0		1.55 (0.64–3.71)
December	7	11.9	52	88.1	59	100.0		1.00

Time of the accident
00:00 to 05:59	11	22.0	39	78.0	50	100.0	0.073^a	1.23 (0.67–2.24)
06:00 to 11:59	14	9.9	127	90.1	141	100.0		0.55 (0.31–0.99)
12:00 to 17:59	25	12.8	171	87.2	196	100.0		0.71 (0.44–1.14)
18:00 to 23:59	36	17.9	165	82.1	201	100.0		1.00

	Multivariate analysis		p
	Raw (PR – 95% CI)	Adjusted by the model (PR – 95% CI)
Marital status
No partner	1.68 (1.10–2.55)	1.52 (0.97–2.38)	0.063
With partner	1.00	1.00

Time
00:00 to 05:59	1.23 (0.67–2.24)	1.11 (0.59–2.08)	0.073
06:00 to 11:59	0.55 (0.31–0.99)	0.51 (0.26–0.94)
12:00 to 17:59	0.71 (0.44–1.14)	0.67 (0.41–1.09)
18:00 to 23:59	1.00	1.00

Facial region affected	n	%
Frontal	22	21.4
Oral	9	8.7
Orbital	7	6.8
Zygomatic	7	6.8
Masseteric	6	5.8
Nasal	3	2.9
Polytrauma	49	47.6

Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Sede da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico Facial, Av. Indianópolia, 1287, 04063-002 São Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (0xx11) 5053-7500, Fax: (0xx11) 5053-7512 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@aborlccf.org.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:davila2407@hotmail.com (S. d'Avila).

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Facial trauma among victims of terrestrial transport accidents☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: d'Avila S, Barbosa KGN, Bernardino IM, da Nóbrega LM, Bento PM, e Ferreira EF. Facial trauma among victims of terrestrial transport accidents. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82:314-20.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

OBJECTIVE:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION:

Facial trauma among victims of terrestrial transport accidents^{^☆} ☆ Please cite this article as: d'Avila S, Barbosa KGN, Bernardino IM, da Nóbrega LM, Bento PM, e Ferreira EF. Facial trauma among victims of terrestrial transport accidents. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82:314-20.