Thyroid leiomyosarcoma: presentation of two cases and review of the literature

Şahin, Mehmet İlhan; Vural, Alperen; Yüce, İmdat; Çağlı, Sedat; Deniz, Kemal; Güney, Ercihan

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.11.020

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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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Review articles • Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. 82 (6) • Nov-Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.11.020 copy

Thyroid leiomyosarcoma: presentation of two cases and review of the literature^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Şahin Mİ, Vural A, Yüce İ, Çağlı S, Deniz K, Güney E. Thyroid leiomyosarcoma: presentation of two cases and review of the literature. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82:715-21.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction:

Leiomyosarcoma is a tumor which is rarely seen in the thyroid gland. The diagnosis may be difficult and the treatment is controversial.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to review the literature about a rare malignant disease of the thyroid gland which has high mortality.

Methods:

Two cases of thyroid leiomyosarcoma are presented and the previous 23 cases in the current literature are reviewed.

Results:

A total of 25 cases of thyroid leiomyosarcoma are reviewed; the most common complaint was rapidly growing anterior neck mass, and ten of the 25 patients had distant metastasis at the initial admission. Fifteen of the 25 patients died with the disease in the first 12 months after the diagnosis.

Conclusion:

The differential diagnosis of thyroid leiomyosarcoma is important and should be performed with other malignancies of the gland, especially with anaplastic carcinoma. The prognosis is poor and there is no consensus regarding the treatment.

KEYWORDS
Thyroid; Leiomyosarcoma; Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma; Sarcomas

Reference	Age	Sex	Initial complaint	Tumor size (cm)	Lymph node metastasis	Distant metastasis	Therapy applied	Follow-up
Adachi	74	F	Mass ongoing for 4 months, pain	12	+	+	Chemotherapy	DWD, 1 month
Kawahara	82	M	A mass ongoing for 1 month, dysphonia	5.5	-	-	Lobectomy + neck dissection	DWD, 4 months, local recurrence
Kawaguchi	54	F	Mass	?	?	?	Lobectomy	Alive, 15 months, NED
Kaur	?	?	?	?	+	?	?	Alive, 12 months, LN Met.
Chetty	54	F	No symptoms	3.5	?	?	Lobectomy	Alive, 15 months, NED
Iida	72	F	A mass ongoing for 7 months	3	-	-	Lobectomy + neck dissection	DWD, 51 months, metastatic disease
Thompson	64	F	Mass	7.5	?	+	Uncompleted surgery	DWD, 5 months, metastatic disease
Thompson	45	M	A mass ongoing for a month	9	?	+	Lobectomy, chemotherapy	Alive, 11 months, metastatic disease
Thompson	68	M	Mass, dysphonia	1.9		+	Uncompleted surgery	DWD, 18 months, metastatic disease
Thompson	83	M	Rapid growing mass, dysphagia	5.5		+	Surgery	DWD, 3 months, metastatic disease
Ozaki	58	F	Mass	5	-	-	Total thyroidectomy + neck dissection	Alive, 25 months, NED
Tulbah	6	M	Mass	5	-	+	Tumorectomy	No follow-up after 4 months, metastatic disease
Tsugawa	90	F	Breathing disorder, a mass growing in 1 month	8			Partial tumorectomy, tracheotomy	DWD, 2 months, pneumonia
Takayama	66	F	A mass which was present for 6 years that grew rapidly in 2 months	8.5		?	Thyroidectomy, laryngectomy	Alive, 3 months, metastatic disease, local recurrence
Day	43	M	A mass that grew in 2 months	6		+	Thyroidectomy, modified radical neck dissection, adjuvant imatinib mesylate chemotherapy	DWD, 6 months
Just	83	F	Mass, pain in the arm	6.7	?	-	Biopsy + palliative therapy (?)	DWD, 2 months, regional spread
Mansuri	63	F	Mass, weight loss, dysphagia	7	?	+	Total thyroidectomy	DWD, 5 months
Wang	65	F	Mass, weight loss, cough	8	-	-	Total thyroidectomy, bilateral neck dissection + chemotherapy	DWD, 4 months
Qin	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mouaqit	65	M	Left arm pain	9	-	-	Total thyroidectomy, partial esophagectomy	Alive after 5 years follow-up
Amal	72	F	Neck mass with skin fistulae	8.5	-	-	Left thyroid lobectomy with mass excision	DWD, 2 months
Tanboon	64	F	-	-	-	+	Total thyroidectomy	DWD, 3 months
Ege	56	M	Neck mass, dysphonia, dysphagia	3	-	-	Total thyroidectomy + central neck dissection	DWD, 8 months
Case 1	39	M	Weight loss, dysphagia	2.6	-	+	Biopsy + palliative radiotherapy	DWD, 3 months, metastatic disease
Case 2	72	F	Mass, breathing disorder	?	+	+	Tracheotomy + biopsy	DWD, 1.5 months

Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Sede da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico Facial, Av. Indianópolia, 1287, 04063-002 São Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (0xx11) 5053-7500, Fax: (0xx11) 5053-7512 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@aborlccf.org.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:alperenvural@yahoo.com (A. Vural).

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Thyroid leiomyosarcoma: presentation of two cases and review of the literature☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Şahin Mİ, Vural A, Yüce İ, Çağlı S, Deniz K, Güney E. Thyroid leiomyosarcoma: presentation of two cases and review of the literature. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82:715-21.

Abstract

Introduction:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Thyroid leiomyosarcoma: presentation of two cases and review of the literature^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Şahin Mİ, Vural A, Yüce İ, Çağlı S, Deniz K, Güney E. Thyroid leiomyosarcoma: presentation of two cases and review of the literature. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82:715-21.