Sulfated glycosaminoglycans in human vocal fold lamina propria☆

To evaluate the distribution and concentration of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in different layers of the human vocal fold according to gender and age.

Methods:

We used 11 vocal folds obtained from cadavers (7 men and 4 women) with no laryngeal lesion, less than 12 h after death, and aged between 35 and 98 years. The folds underwent glycosaminoglycans extraction from the cover and ligament, and post-electrophoresis analysis. Data were compared according to the layer, age and gender.

Results:

The concentration of dermatan sulfate was significantly higher in all layers. No differences were observed in the total concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in layers studied according to gender. It is significantly lower in the cover of individuals aged below 60 years.

Conclusion:

Dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate were observed in the human vocal folds cover and ligament of both genders, with the concentration of dermatan sulfate being significantly higher in all layers. Glycosaminoglycans concentration on the cover is significantly lower in individuals below 60 years compared with elderly.

KEYWORDS
Larynx; Glycosaminoglycans; Vocal folds

Variables	GAGs (µg/g dry weight)
Cover
Mean ± standard deviation	302.7 ± 224.9
Median (Minimum - Maximum)	217.3 (83.9-802.9)
Total	11

Ligament
Mean ± standard deviation	379.3 ± 198.6
Median (minimum - maximum)	322.5 (117-681)
Total	11

p value^a a p value of nonparametric paired-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test.	0.334

Variables per gender	Female GAGs (µg/g dry weight)	Male GAGs (µg/g dry weight)	p -value^a a p -value of nonparametric Mann-Whitney test.
Cover
Mean ± standard deviation	346.8 ± 307	277.5 ± 187.4	0.571
Median (minimum - maximum)	224.4 (135.7-802.9)	182.2 (83.9-535.2)
Total	4	7

Ligament
Mean ± Standard deviation	490.1 ± 222.3	316 ± 167.9	0.257
Median (minimum - maximum)	554.9 (169.7-681)	280.6 (117-632.1)
Total	4	7

Variables per age range	Over 60 years	Up to 60 years	p -value
Cover
Mean ± standard deviation	436.6 ± 226.6	141.9 ± 54.7	0.018^a a p -value of the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test.
Median (minimum - maximum)	441.1 (182.2-802.9)	135.7 (83.9-231.4)
Total	6	5

Ligament
Mean ± standard deviation	410.3 ± 201.2	342.1 ± 211.9	0.584
Median (minimum - maximum)	429.2 (117-632.1)	236.1 (169.7-681)
Total	6	5

Variables per concentration	CS	DS	HS	p -value^a a p -value of nonparametric sample-paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Cover
Mean ± standard deviation	29.9 ± 28.8	233.7 ± 187.8	39.1 ± 36.7	<0.001
Median (minimum - maximum)	19.1 (0-82.5)	178.9 (70.2-670.1)	27.2 (0-110.5)
Total	11	11	11

Multiple comparisons
CS × DS	0.009
CS × HS	1.000
DS × HS	0.009

Ligament
Mean ± standard deviation	45.6 ± 54.4	273.8 ± 119	60 ± 55.3	<0.001
Median (minimum - maximum)	23.9 (2.9-156)	289.2 (103.5-444.3)	48.5 (5.7-161.1)
Total	11	11	11

Multiple comparisons
CS × DS	0.009
CS × HS	1.000
DS × HS	0.009
p -value^b b Multiple comparisons: p value of nonparametric sample-paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test.	0.477	0.374	0.657

	Females		Males
	Up to 60 years	Over 60 years	Up to 60 years	Over 60 years
Cover
Mean ± standard deviation	183.6 ± 67.7	510.1 ± 414.1	114.2 ± 28.5	399.9 ± 151.9
Median (minimum - maximum)	183.6 (135.7-231.4)	510.1 (217.3-802.9)	118.2 (83.9-140.5)	441.1 (182.2-535.2)
Total	2	2	3	4

Ligament
Mean ± standard deviation	425.4 ± 361.5	554.9 ± 26.7	286.6 ± 113.4	338 ± 215.2
Median (minimum - maximum)	425.4 (169.7-681)	554.9 (536-573.8)	236.1 (207.1-416.4)	301.5 (117-632.1)
Total	2	2	3	4

Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Sede da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico Facial, Av. Indianópolia, 1287, 04063-002 São Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (0xx11) 5053-7500, Fax: (0xx11) 5053-7512 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@aborlccf.org.br

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[1] * Corresponding authors. E-mails:jrmacmartins@yahoo.com.br (J.R. Martins), ngdebiase@gmail.com (N.G. De Biase).

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Sulfated glycosaminoglycans in human vocal fold lamina propria☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Park SW, Korn GP, Kobayashi EY, Martins JR, De Biase NG. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans in human vocal fold lamina propria. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;83:426-31.

Abstract

Introduction:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Sulfated glycosaminoglycans in human vocal fold lamina propria^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Park SW, Korn GP, Kobayashi EY, Martins JR, De Biase NG. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans in human vocal fold lamina propria. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;83:426-31.