Sensory evaluation tools stroke described in Portuguese: a systematic review

Fagundes, Jennifer Souza; Binda, Aline Cristiane; Faria, Julia Garzim; Peres, Daniele; Michaelsen, Stella Maris

doi:10.590/1809-2950/13120122042015

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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW • Fisioter. Pesqui. 22 (4) • Oct-Dec 2015 • https://doi.org/10.590/1809-2950/13120122042015 copy

Sensory evaluation tools stroke described in Portuguese: a systematic review

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ABSTRACT

Most survivors of stroke present, among other consequences, a sensory deficit. To assess the impact of this deficit on the activity and the effect of sensory reeducation protocols, it is important to use objective instruments. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze which sensory evaluation tools for post-stroke patients are available in Brazilian Portuguese and describe its features and/or properties. A search was conducted in the electronic databases SCIELO, LILACS, PUBMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE via OVDI, and EMBASE. The relevant studies were analyzed as to accessibility, objectivity of the score and measurement properties, adding articles through manual search when necessary. The search resulted in 96 studies, reduced to five eligible ones. A study was added through the list of references and the manual search was used for complementation. Among the seven reviewed articles, only three sensory evaluation tools are available in Portuguese: moving touch pressure (MTP), sensitivity domain of Fugl-Meyer Scale (FMS), and Nottingham Sensory Assessment (NSA). In addition, although the reliability of the FMS and of the NSA may be considered appropriate, the other properties of measurement need to be evaluated in future studies.

Keywords:
Stroke; Sensory Modalities; Touch; Proprioception

Reference	Characteristics of the Sample	Modality	Material	Forms of Punctuation	Measurement Properties
NSA Lima et al., 2010¹⁹19. Lima DHF, Queiroz AP, Salvo G, Yoneyama SM, Oberg TD, Lima NMFV. Versão brasileira da Avaliação Sensorial de Nottingham: validade, concordância e confiabilidade. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2010;14(2):166-74.	n = 21; Age (years) 49.5±13,6; Time after the stroke (months) 40.2±32.4	Tactile sensation Proprioception Stereognosis Discrimination between two points.	Cotton; test tubes with hot or cold water and talcum powder; monofilament (green); coins of R$0.01 , 0.10 and 1.00; pen; pencil; comb; scissors; sponge; flannel; cup; glass; compass.	Tactile sensation and stereognosis: (0) missing; (1) changed; (2) normal. Discrimination between 2 points: (0) missing; (1) > 3 mm fingers and >8 mm hand; (2) < 3 mm fingers and < 8 mm hand. Proprioception: (0) missing; (1) execution of the wrong motion-direction; (2) direction of motion > 10th; (3) normal or joint position < 10th. (4) to (9) not testable.	Brazilian version¹⁹19. Lima DHF, Queiroz AP, Salvo G, Yoneyama SM, Oberg TD, Lima NMFV. Versão brasileira da Avaliação Sensorial de Nottingham: validade, concordância e confiabilidade. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2010;14(2):166-74.: Inter-rater reliability ICC of 0.80 to 1.00 among the items. Intra-rater reliability ICC of 0.86 to 1.00, except for temperature (ICC - 0.07).
FMS Michaelsen et al., 2011²⁵25. Michaelsen SM, Rocha AS, Knabben RJ, Rodrigues LP, Fernandes CGC. Translation, adaptation and inter-rater reliability of the administration manual of Fugl-Meyer assessment/Tradução, adaptação e confiabilidade interexaminadores do manual de administração da escala de Fugl-Meyer. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2011;15(1):80-8.	n=18; Age (years) 59±10; Time after the stroke (months) 39±33.6	Tactile sensitivity and proprioception	Cotton	Tactile sensitivity: (0) lack of sensitivity; (1) hypo- or hypersensitivity (2) normal sensitivity.	Brazilian version: Inter-rater reliability: tactile ICC 0.75; sense of movement ICC of 0.98²⁵25. Michaelsen SM, Rocha AS, Knabben RJ, Rodrigues LP, Fernandes CGC. Translation, adaptation and inter-rater reliability of the administration manual of Fugl-Meyer assessment/Tradução, adaptação e confiabilidade interexaminadores do manual de administração da escala de Fugl-Meyer. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2011;15(1):80-8. Inter-observer reliability: exteroceptive ICC 0.98-0.99; proprioceptive ICC 0.97-0.98. Inter-observer reliability: exteroceptive ICC 0.87 to 0.92; proprioceptive ICC 0.93 to 0.94²⁷27. Maki T, Quagliato EMAB, Cacho EWA, Paz LPS, Nascimento NH, Inoue MMEA, et al. Estudo de confiabilidade da Escala de Fugl-Meyer no Brasil. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2006;10(2):177-83..
Maki et al., 2006²⁷27. Maki T, Quagliato EMAB, Cacho EWA, Paz LPS, Nascimento NH, Inoue MMEA, et al. Estudo de confiabilidade da Escala de Fugl-Meyer no Brasil. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2006;10(2):177-83.	n=50; Age (years) 58 (17-81); Time after the stroke (months) 5.(13-127)	Tactile sensitivity and proprioception	Cotton	Sense of movement (0) does not identify the movement; (1) at least 75% of the correct answers; (2) all the correct answers.
MTP Faria-Fortini et al., 2011²⁴24. Faria-Fortini I, Michaelsen SM, Cassiano JG, Teixeira-Salmela LF. Upper Extremity Function in Stroke Subjects: Relationships between the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Domains. J Hand Ther. 2011;24(3):257-65. (Faria, 2008²⁶26. Faria I. Estudo da função do membro superior em hemiplégicos crônicos [dissertação − mestrado em Ciências da Reabilitação]. Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 2008.⁾⁾	n = 55; Age (years) 54±13; Time after the stroke (months) 64±55	Mobile discriminatory touch	Tigre Pinctore^(r) brushes references 815/14 , 483/18, 183/14²⁴24. Faria-Fortini I, Michaelsen SM, Cassiano JG, Teixeira-Salmela LF. Upper Extremity Function in Stroke Subjects: Relationships between the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Domains. J Hand Ther. 2011;24(3):257-65..	Number of correct answers in percentage: 0% indicates that there was no correct answer and 100% indicates that they were all correct.	Original version¹⁸18. Dannenbaum RM, Michaelsen SM, Desrosiers J, Levin MF. Development and validation of the two new sensory tests of the hand for patients with stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2002;16(6):630-9. Inter and intra-rater reliability: ICC 0.92
Brasil-Neto; Lima, 2008²³23. Brasil-Neto JP, Lima AC. Sensory Deficits in the unaffected hand of hemiparetic stroke pacients. Cog Behav Neurol. 2008;21(4):202-5.	n=25; Age (years) 58.2±11.1; Time after the stroke (months) 43.8±55.4	Condor^(r) brushes no. 20 of "light", "medium" and "heavy" "bristles"²³23. Brasil-Neto JP, Lima AC. Sensory Deficits in the unaffected hand of hemiparetic stroke pacients. Cog Behav Neurol. 2008;21(4):202-5..	Brazilian version: Not evaluated

Reference	Lima et al., 2010⁽^¹⁹19. Lima DHF, Queiroz AP, Salvo G, Yoneyama SM, Oberg TD, Lima NMFV. Versão brasileira da Avaliação Sensorial de Nottingham: validade, concordância e confiabilidade. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2010;14(2):166-74.⁾	Michaelsen et al., 2011⁽^²⁵25. Michaelsen SM, Rocha AS, Knabben RJ, Rodrigues LP, Fernandes CGC. Translation, adaptation and inter-rater reliability of the administration manual of Fugl-Meyer assessment/Tradução, adaptação e confiabilidade interexaminadores do manual de administração da escala de Fugl-Meyer. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2011;15(1):80-8.⁾	Maki et al., 2006⁽^²⁷27. Maki T, Quagliato EMAB, Cacho EWA, Paz LPS, Nascimento NH, Inoue MMEA, et al. Estudo de confiabilidade da Escala de Fugl-Meyer no Brasil. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2006;10(2):177-83.⁾
Test	NSA	FMS	FMS
Items evaluated
Sample size	P	P	G
Two evaluation measures	E	E	E
Independent evaluation	E	E	E
Interval of described time	E	E	E
Participants' Clinical stability	E	E	E
Interval of described time	R	G	R
Conditions of the application of similar test	E	E	E
There are major flaws in the method's design	E	E	R
Was it calculated the ICC?	E	E	E
Were Kappa calculated for dichotomous/nominal or ordinal items?	NA	NA	NA
Was the weighted Kappa calculated for ordinal scores?	NA	NA	NA

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[1] Mailing Address: Stella Maris Michaelsen, GP in Physiotherapy - CEFID/UDESC. Rua Pascoal Simone, 358 - Coqueiros - 88 080 350 - Florianópolis (SC), Brazil E-mail: michaelsenstella@hotmail.com - Phone: (48) 3321 8660 / (48) 3321 8609