Grier et al.2020. Grier T, Canham-Chervak M, McNulty V, Jones BH. Extreme conditioning programs and injury risk in a US Army Brigade Combat Team. US Army Med Dep J. 2013:36-47.
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a) Sex and body mass index |
a) Risk of injury greater for men with BMI classified as overweight or obese |
- |
b) Smoking |
b) Risk of injury greater in smokers compared to non-smokers. |
Weisenthal et al.2222. Weisenthal BM, Beck CA, Maloney MD, DeHaven KE, Giordano BD. Injury rate and patterns among CrossFit athletes. Orthop J Sports Med. 2014;2(4):2325967114531177. doi: 10.1177/2325967114531177 https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967114531177...
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a) Sex |
a) Men presented more injuries than women (53 against 21) |
Age, participation time, training session time, training days per week |
b) Type of exercise |
b) The shoulder was more injured in gymnastic movements and the lumbar was more injured in powerlifting movements |
c) Supervised by professional |
c) The rate of injury significantly decreased with the involvement of the instructor |
Chachula, Cameron, Svoboda2323. Chachula LA, Cameron KL, Svoboda SJ. Association of prior injury with the report of new injuries sustained during CrossFit training. Athletic Training Sports Health Care. 2016;8(1):28-34. doi:10.3928/19425864-20151119-02 https://doi.org/10.3928/19425864-2015111...
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a) Prior injury |
a) Practitioners with prior injury are 3.75 times more likely to suffer an injury related to CrossFit |
Age |
b) Type of exercise |
b) Participants realize that exercises like deadlift and kettlebell swing aggravate lumbar injuries, jumps intensify knee pain, and pain in the shoulders and elbow are accentuated due to ring dips |
CrossFit experience |
Participation in classes with professional supervision |
Sprey et al.66. Sprey JW, Ferreira T, Lima MV, Duarte Jr A, Jorge PB, Santili C. An epidemiological profile of CrossFit athletes in Brazil. Orthop J Sports Med. 2016;4(8):2325967116663706. doi: 10.1177/2325967116663706 https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967116663706...
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a) Training time |
a) Practitioners of CrossFit since 6 months (35%) showed higher injury rate, with 70% compared to practitioners with less training time |
Sex and age group |
Summitt et al.2525. Summitt RJ, Cotton RA, Kays AC, Slaven EJ. Shoulder injuries in individuals who participate in CrossFit training. Sports Health. 2016;8(6):541-6. doi: 10.1177/1941738116666073 https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738116666073...
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a) Type of exercise |
a) Practitioners considered gymnastic exercises as the main cause of injury (25 of 46 total injuries). |
Age, number of resting days |
Aune and Powers2626. Aune KT, Powers JM. Injuries in an extreme conditioning program. Sports Health. 2017;9(1):52-8. doi: 10.1177/1941738116674895 https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738116674895...
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a) Training time |
a) The incidence rate of injury among athletes with less than 6 months of experience was 2.5 times higher than that of athletes with more than 6 months of experience |
- |
b) Type of exercise |
b) Squat cleans, ring dips, overhead squats and push presses were more likely to cause injury |
c) Equipment type |
c) Exercises performed with bars resulted in more injuries |
d) Prior Injury |
d) Athletes with prior shoulder injury are 8.1 times more likely to injure the shoulder compared to athletes with healthy shoulders |
b) Excessive effort and inadequate technique |
e) Athletes reported that 35% of injuries occurred due to overexertion and 20% due to improper technique in the execution of the exercises |
Montalvo et al.2727. Montalvo AM, Shaefer H, Rodriguez B, Li T, Epnere K, Myer GD. Retrospective injury epidemiology and risk factors for injury in CrossFit. J Sports Sci Med. 2017;16(1):53.
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a) Participation and training time |
a) The injured athletes presented more participation time (in years) and weekly time of CrossFit practice compared to non injured |
Age, sex, size of CrossFit class, number of trainers, years of structured physical activity, and participation in competitions |
b) Physical activity aside from CrossFit |
b) Athletes with physical activity practice aside from CrossFit were 2.3 more likely to injure themselves |
c) Stature |
c) Injured athletes presented greater stature compared to non-injured |
Moran et al.33. Moran S, Booker H, Staines J, Williams S. Rates and risk factors of injury in CrossFit: a prospective cohort study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2017;57(9):1147-53. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06827-4 https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.16.0...
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a) Sex |
a) Highest rate of injury found in men who had injury in last 6 months |
- |
b) Type of exercise |
b) Weightlifting exercises were the most cited as cause of injury: squat, deadlift, overhead press and Snatch. |