End-state comfort effect in manipulative motor actions of typical and atypical children: a systematic review

Pereira, Karina; Medeiros, Jéssica Cristina; Bernardes, Laíce Rodrigues; Souza, Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de

doi:10.1590/1809-2950/17009426022019

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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW • Fisioter. Pesqui. 26 (2) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/17009426022019 copy

End-state comfort effect in manipulative motor actions of typical and atypical children: a systematic review

Estado de conforto final de ações motoras manipulativas de crianças típicas e atípicas: revisão sistemática

Estado de confort final de acciones motoras manipuladoras de niños típicos y atípicos: revisión sistemática

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to make a systematic review of scientific articles on the planning of manual motor actions of typical and atypical children. To do so, a search of articles published between 1996 and 2017 was done on PubMed, LILACS, Science Direct, and SciElo databases. Original articles in English and Portuguese evaluating the planning of motor actions in typical and atypical children performing manual tasks were selected. For the analysis, the population age, number of children, type of task, main results, site of study and impact of the journal were considered. From the eighteen articles found, twelve were about typical children (from nine months old to twenty years old) and six about atypical children (from three to fourteen years old) diagnosed with autism, hemiplegic cerebral palsy, and developmental coordination disorders. In nine- to ten-year-old typical children, the planning ability of manual motor actions develops over the time and is similar to that of an adult. The atypical children showed motor planning ability lower than that of the typical children, and determining the age when this planning ability is acquired was not possible.

Keywords
Child; Motor Planning; Child Development; Teenager

Author(s)	Year	Age group of the sample	Sample of the study	Type of task	Results	Site of study	Impact Factor
Jovanovic; Schwarzer¹⁶16. Jovanovic B, Schwarzer G. The development of the grasp height effect as a measure of efficient action planning in children. J Exp Child Psychol. 2017;153:74-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.09.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2016.09.0...	2017	3, 5, and 21 years	30	1- To pick up the bar on the middle shelf and to place it on another shelf (target shelf) on the starting position	Phase 1: Different heights showed a weak influence in the 3-year-old group when compared with the other groups.	Germany	2.333
			27	2- To pick up the bar on the target shelf and to put it on the starting position	Phase 2: The height had greater influence in the groups of 3 and 5 year olds when compared with the group of adults.
			30
Jung; Kahrsb; Lockman¹⁷17. Jung W, Kahrsb BA, Lockman JJ. Manual action, fitting, and spatial planning: relating objects by young children. Cognition. 2016;134:128-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.09.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2014...	2016	16-33 months	30	1- To pick up the wooden rod on the table	Older children showed more advanced spatial planning and improvements in coordination.	New Orleans	3.411
	2016	16-33 months	30	2 - To place the rod in a horizontally or vertically oriented slot located in the middle of the table		New Orleans	3.411
Jongbloed-Pereboom, et al.¹⁸18. Jongbloed-Pereboom M, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, Saraber-Schiphorst N, Crajé C, Steenbergen B. Anticipatory action planning increases from 3 to 10 years of age in typically developing children. J Exp Child Psychol. 2013;114(2):295-305. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.08.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2012.08.0...	2013	3-10 years	351	To fit a wooden sword	The planning ability was enhanced from 3 to 10 years old, showing a decreased improvement at 9 years old.	Netherlands	2.377
Scharoun; Bryden¹¹11. Scharoun SM, Bryden PJ. The development of end- and beginning-state comfort in a cup manipulation task. Dev Psychobiol. 2014;56(3):407-20. doi: 10.1002/dev.21108 https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21108...	2013	3-12 years	92	To manipulate a cup	The end-state comfort appeared at 9 years old.	Canada	2.976
Knudsen et al.¹²12. Knudsen B, Henning A, Wunsch K, Weigelt M, Aschersleben G. The end-state comfort effect in 3- to 8-year-old children in two object manipulation tasks. Front Psychol. 2012;3:1-10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00445 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00445...	2012	3-8 years	96	1- To manipulate a cup	1- A 13% increase in the planning ability was observed at 3 years old and a 94% increase at 8 years old.	Germany	2.8
	2012	3-8 years	96	2- To transport and to fit a wooden bar	2- 63% increase in the planning ability at 3 years old and a 100% increase at 8 years old.	Germany	2.8
Jovanovic; Schwarzer¹⁹19. Jovanovic B, Schwarzer G. Learning to grasp efficiently: the development of motor planning and the role of observational learning. Vision Res. 2011;51:945-54. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.12.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2010.12...	2011	18, 24, and 42 months	81	To transport and to fit a wooden bar vertically	The children already used planning strategies at 18 months of age, with significant increase at 24 months.	Germany	2.137
Stockel; Hughes; Schack⁹9. Stockel T, Hughes C, Schack T. Representation of grasp postures and anticipatory motor planning in children. Psychol Res. 2012;76(6):768-76. doi: 10.1007/s00426-011-0387-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-011-0387-...	2012	7-9 years	36	To transport and to fit a wooden bar	Planning ability is fully developed at 9 years old.	Germany	2.378
Thibaut; Toussaint¹⁰10. Thibaut JP, Toussaint L. Developing motor planning over ages. J Exp Child Psychol. 2010;105(1-2):116-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2009.10.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2009.10.0...	2010	4-10 years	120	To transport and to fit a wooden bar	Planning ability of motor skills develops gradually from 4 to 10 years old, but with a drop in the level of ability at 8 years old.	France	2.377
Weigelt; Schack²⁰20. Weigelt M, Schack T. The development of end-state comfort planning in preschool children. J. Exp. Psychol. 2010;57(6):476-782. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000059 https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a00005...	2010	3-5 years	51	To transport and to fit a wooden bar	Gradual improvement in planning capacity: 18% at 3 years old, 45% at 4 years old, and 67% at 5 years old.	Germany	4.759
Adalbjornsson; Fischman; Rudisill⁸8. Adalbjornsson CF, Fischman MG, Rudisill ME. The end-state comfort effect in young children. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2008;79(1):36-41. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2008.10599458 https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2008.10...	2008	2-6 years	40	To manipulate a cup	Only 11 out of 40 children were able to plan their action according to the end-state comfort. No difference between ages was observed.	United States	1.108
Manoel; Moreira¹³13. Manoel EJ, Moreira CRP. Planning manipulative hand movements: do young children show the end-state comfort effect? J Hum Mov Stud. 2005;49:93-114.	2005	2,5-6 years	40	1- To transport and to fit a cylindrical wooden bar;	The children did not demonstrate planning ability according to the end-state comfort, even when the task demanded higher precision level (task 2).	Brazil	0.06
	2005	2,5-6 years	40	2- To transport and to fit a semicylindrical wooden bar		Brazil	0.06
McCarty; Clifton; Collard²¹21. McCarty ME, Clifton RK, Collard RR. Problem solving in infancy: the emergence of an action plan. Dev Psychol. 1999;35(4):1091-101. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.35.4.1091 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.4.1...	1999	9, 14, and 19 months	36	To grasp a spoon and to feed himself	At 19 months old, the children altered the hand (right or left) to grasp a spoon according to the start position.	United States	2.976

Author(s)	Year	Sample	Age range	Sample of study	Type of task	Results	Site of study	Impact Factor
Adams et al.²³24. Adams ILJ, Ferguson GDF, Lust JML, Steenbergen B, Smits-Engelsman BCM. Action planning and position sense in children with developmental coordination disorder. Hum Mov Sci. 2016;46:196-208. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.01....	2016	Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)	6-10 anos	DCD=30	1 - To grab a wooden sword and to put it into a slot	1 - Children with DCD plan less for the end-comfort state of the hands compared with those from the control group	South Africa	1.606
	2016	Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)	6-10 anos	Typical=90	2 - To grab a bar and place it vertically in a circular holder on the table	2 - No significant differences were found between groups.	South Africa	1.606
Janssen; Steenbergen²⁴23. Janssen L, Steenbergen B. Typical and atypical (cerebral palsy) development of unimanual and bimanual grasp planning. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32(3):963-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.02.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.02.0...	2011	Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy (CP)	7-12 years	CP=16;	To transport a bar upright and place it in platforms of different heights:	There was little evidence of planning in children with CP, and no difference was observed between ages. In the bimanual task, children showed higher planning ability with the most affected limb.	Netherlands	2.483
				Typical=24	1 - Unimanually;
				Typical=24	2 - Bimanually
Crajé et al.²⁵25. Crajé C, Aarts P, Nijhuis-van der Sanden M, Steenbergen, B. Action planning in typically and atypically developing children (unilateral cerebral palsy). Res Dev Disabil. 2010;31(5):1039-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.04.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.04.0...	2010	Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy (CP)	3-6 years	CP=24;	To fit a wooden sword	Planning ability of children with CP was lower than that of typical children, and no evidence of improvement over the age was observed in children with CP.	Netherlands	2.483
	2010	Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy (CP)	3-6 years	Typical=24	To fit a wooden sword		Netherlands	2.483
Van Swieten et al.²⁶26. van Swieten LM, Van Bergen E, Williams JHG, Wilson AD, Plumb MS, Kent SW, Mon-Williams MA. A test of motor (not executive) planning in developmental coordination disorder and autism. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2010;36(2):493-9. doi: 10.1037/a0017177 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017177...	2010	Autism	9-14 years	DCD=27;	To grasp a bar and to rotate it according to the position indicated	Children with autism showed the same planning ability compared with typical children.	United Kingdom	4.759
		Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)	6-13 years	Autists=20;		Younger children with DCD showed lower ability to perform the task compared with typical children.
		Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)	6-13 years	Typical=70
Smyth; Mason²⁷27. Smyth MM, Mason UC. Planning and execution of action in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997;38(8):1023-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01619.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997...	1997	Developmental coordination disorder	4-8 years	DCD=95;	To rotate a disk towards several targets;	The planning ability did not differ between children with DCD and typical children.	United Kingdom	5.422
	1997	Developmental coordination disorder	4-8 years	Typical=91	2- To transport and to fit a wooden bar		United Kingdom	5.422
Hughes²⁸28. Hughes C. Brief report: planning problems in autism at the level of motor control. J Autism Dev Disord. 1996;26(1):99-107.	1996	Autism	Average age - 14 years old	Autists=36;	To transport and to fit a wooden bar	Children with autism showed little evidence of planning ability in manipulative tasks.	England	3.723
	1996	Autism	Average age - 14 years old	Typical=28	To transport and to fit a wooden bar		England	3.723

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