Kei et al11 Kei J, Allison-Levick J, Dockray J, et al. High-frequency (1000 Hz)
tympanometry in normal neonates. J Am Acad Audiol 2003; 14(1):20-28
|
122 neonates, aged 1–6 d with OAEs
present |
226 Hz; 1,000 Hz |
1,000 Hz: type 1, 225 ears; type 2, 14
ears; type 3, 3 ears; other atypical forms, 2 ears. 226 Hz: single
peak, 115 ears; DP, 116 ears; multiple peak, 9 ears; invalid curves, 3
ears. |
1,000 Hz: type 1 (A),
normal; types 2 and 3 (B, DP), altered 226 Hz,
single peak: normal; DP, altered |
Margolis et al22 Margolis RH, Bass-Ringdahl S, Hanks WD, Holte L, Zapala DA.
Tympanometry in newborn infants-1 kHz norms. J Am Acad Audiol
2003;14(7):383-392
|
65 infants, average age of 3.9 wk |
1,000 Hz |
Single peak curves found in the majority of
infants. Authors did not state the number of curves encountered. |
Single peak: normal |
Baldwin77 Baldwin M. Choice of probe tone and classification of trace patterns
in tympanometry undertaken in early infancy. Int J Audiol
2006;45(7):417-427
|
104 children between 2 and 19 wk with
normal hearing and 107 infants aged 2–21 wk with temporary
conductive hearing loss |
226 Hz; 678 Hz;
1,000 Hz |
Infants with abnormal ME and normal tympanograms
(type A): 94.9% with 226 Hz, 1.3% with
678 Hz, and 0% with 1,000 Hz. |
Positive peak: normal Flat, descending
negative peak, or undetermined: altered |
Calandruccio et al3131 Calandruccio L, Fitzgerald TS, Prieve BA. Normative multifrequency
tympanometry in infants and toddlers. J Am Acad Audiol
2006;17(7):470-480
|
33 children between 4 wk and 2 y
and 33 adults with a mean age of 30.3 y |
226 Hz; 630 Hz;
1,000 Hz |
226 Hz: higher proportion of type 1B1G;
23.1% type 3B1G in children aged 4–10 wk and
6.8% in children aged 11–19 wk. 1,000 Hz:
children showed greater variability of types, with 1B1G and 3B1G having
equal distribution. |
Type 1B1G, 3B1G, 3B3G, and 5B3G tympanograms
(Vanhuyse et al2121 Vanhuyse VJ, Creten WL, Van Camp KJ. On the W-notching of
tympanograms. Scand Audiol 1975;4(1):45-50) |
Swanepoel et al2929 Swanepoel W, Hugo R, Louw B. Infant hearing screening at immunization
clinics in South Africa. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol
2006;70(7):1241-1249
|
510 infants, aged 0–12 mo |
226 Hz; 1,000 Hz |
87% of tympanograms displayed a peak, DP
type curves present in 4.5% of cases. |
Tympanogram with peak: ME normal DP type
curve: ME altered |
Alaerts et al1515 Alaerts J, Luts H, Wouters J. Evaluation of middle ear function in
young children: clinical guidelines for the use of 226- and 1,000- Hz tympanometry.
Otol Neurotol 2007;28(6):727-732
|
110 infants up to 9 mo and 15 adults between 17
and 27 y with normal hearing |
226 Hz; 1,000 Hz |
226 Hz: number of cases of type A
increased with increasing age; number of cases of type D decreased with
increasing age. 1,000 Hz: number of cases of type D increased
with increasing age. |
Types A and D: normal Types B, C, and Du:
altered Types 1 and 4u: normal Types 2, 3, and 4u:
altered |
Silva et al2727 Silva KA, Novaes BA, Lewis DR, Carvallo RM. Tympanometry in neonates
with normal otoacoustic emissions: measurements and interpretation. Braz J
Otorhinolaryngol 2007;73(5):633-639
|
110 neonates between 6 and 30 d with TEOAEs
present |
226 Hz; 678 Hz;
1,000 Hz |
226 Hz: 47.7% single peak;
52.3% DP. 678 Hz: 25.4% single peak;
67.3% ASS; 7.3% I. 1,000 Hz: 70.9%
single peak; 28.2% ASS; 0.9% I. |
Single peak and DP: normal ASS and I:
normal or altered |
Swanepoel et al88 Swanepoel W, Werner S, Hugo R, Louw B, Owen R, Swanepoel A. High
frequency immittance for neonates: a normative study. Acta Otolaryngol
2007;127(1):49-56
|
143 infants between 0 and 4 wk of age |
1,000 Hz |
8% of tympanograms showed no
peak. 6% were DP-type curves. 57% sensibility.
95% specificity. |
Tympanogram with peak: ME normal DP-type
curve: ME altered |
Shahnaz et al66 Shahnaz N, Miranda T, Polka L. Multifrequency tympanometry in neonatal
intensive care unit and well babies. J Am Acad Audiol
2008;19(5):392-418
|
33 neonates from ICU and 16 healthy infants
between 21 and 28 d; 42 infants between 6 d and 23 wk and 33 preterm
neonates between 32 and 51 wk with BAEPs present compared with 16
adults between 18 and 32 y with normal hearing |
226 Hz; 1,000 Hz |
Newborns and infants showed a great variability
of complex tympanometric patterns with 226 Hz. With increasing test
frequency, the ratio of single peak curves increased and with
1,000 Hz the rate was 64%. |
Model: Vanhuyse et al2121 Vanhuyse VJ, Creten WL, Van Camp KJ. On the W-notching of
tympanograms. Scand Audiol 1975;4(1):45-50 226 Hz: 13% 1B1G and 85% complex
multiple peak tympanograms 1,000 Hz: predominantly 3B1G
(50%) and 1B1G (38%) |
Garcia et al2222 GarciaMV, AzevedoMF, Testa JR. Accoustic immitancemeasures in
infantswith 226 and 1000 hz probes: correlationwith otoacoustic emissions and
otoscopy examination. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2009;75(1):80-89
|
60 infants between 0 and 4 mo in the absence and
presence of OAEs |
226 Hz; 1,000 Hz |
OAEs present: 226 Hz: 61%
A; 27% D; 8.3% B; 3.7% C. 1,000 Hz:
60% A; 11.6% D; 13.4% I; 5% B; 10% C.
OAEs absent: 226 Hz: 53.3% A; 31.7%
D; 13.3% B; 1.7% C. 1,000 Hz: 20% A;
2% D; 0% I; 70% B; 8% C. |
Types A, D, and I: normal Types B and C:
altered Type ASS: normal or altered |
Zhiqi et al2525 Zhiqi L, Kun Y, Zhiwu H. Tympanometry in infants withmiddle ear
effusion having been identified using spiral computerized tomography. Am J
Otolaryngol 2010;31(2):96-103
|
52 infants between 42 d and 6 mo |
226 Hz; 1,000 Hz |
226 Hz: Group with normal ME:
51.06% single peak; 44.68% DP; 2.13% flat; 2.13%
with negative pressure. Group with ME effusion: 77.19%
single peak; 19.30% DP; 3.51% flat. 1,000 Hz:
Group with normal ME: 97.87% single peak. Group
with ME effusion: 98.25% flat. |
Single peak: normal tympanogram Flat:
altered (ME effusion) |
Tazinazzio et al2424 Tazinazzio TG, Diniz TA, Marba STM, Colella-Santos MF. Otoacoustic
emissions and acoustic immitance measurements using 226 Hz and 1000 Hz probe tones in
neonates. Rev CEFAC-Speech, Language, Hearing Sciences and Education Journal [online]
2011; 13 (3):479-488 [cited November 20, 2012]. Available at: http://www.
scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-8462011000300011&lng=pt&nrm=iso Available at: http://www.
...
|
52 infants between 11 and 51 d with OAEs present
and absent; at 1,000 Hz, the number of ears was less because blocked
curves were excluded (occurrence of the occlusion effect) |
226 Hz; 1,000 Hz |
OAEs present and normal curves: 226 Hz, 82
ears; 1,000 Hz, 66 ears. OAEs present and altered curves:
226 Hz, 0 ears; 1,000 Hz, 6 ears. OAEs absent and
normal curves: 226 Hz, 19 ears; 1,000 Hz, 8 ears. OAEs
absent and altered curves: 226 Hz, 3 ears; 1,000 Hz, 13
ears. |
Types A and D: normal Types As, B, and
flat: altered |
Lewis et al3030 Lewis MP, Bradford Bell E, Evans AK. A comparison of tympanometry
with 226 Hz and 1000 Hz probe tones in children with Down syndrome. Int J Pediatr
Otorhinolaryngol 2011;75(12): 1492-1495
|
26 children with Down syndrome between 6 and 18
mo |
226 Hz; 1,000 Hz |
226 Hz: ME no fluid: type B, 7 ears; type
A, 17 ears. ME with fluid: type A, 0 ears; type B, 2
ears. 1,000 Hz: ME no fluid: type A, 24 ears; type B, 0
ears. ME with fluid: type B, 2 ears; type A, 0 ears. |
Type A: normal Type B: altered |
Camboim et al2323 Camboim ED, Correia AMN, Vasconcelos D, Torres R, Scharlach RC,
Azevedo MF. Comparative analysis of otoacoustic emissions with tympanometry in 0-6
month infants. Rev CEFAC-Speech, Language, Hearing Sciences and Education Journal
[online] 2012; 14(3):403-412 [cited November 20, 2012]. Available at:
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-8462012000300004&lng=en&nrm=iso Available at:
http:...
|
118 infants between 0 and 6 mo with OAEs present
and absent |
226 Hz; 1,000 Hz |
1,000 Hz: high correlation between normal
curves (type A and DP) and presence of OAEs, as well as
altered curves (not type A or DP) and absence of OAEs. |
Types A and DP: normal Types C, Ad, As,
and B: altered |