Rahbar et al55 Rahbar R, Shapshay SM, Healy GB. Mitomycin: effects on laryngeal and tracheal stenosis, bene?ts, and complications. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2001;110(01):1-6. Doi: 10.1177/000348940111000101 https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489401110001...
(2001), United States |
Case series (January 1998–December 1999) |
15 (10 subglottic, 3 glottic, 2 tracheal) |
0.4 mg/mL (4 minutes) |
Radial incision with CO2 laser + dilation + MMC |
6–29 months; < 1 year = 1 pat; 1–2 years = 10 pat; > 2 years = 4 pat |
11/15 |
1 proc = 9 pat; > 1 proc = 6 pat (2 = 5; 3 = 1) |
Tracheostomies (3)Poor quality voice (3) |
Perepelitsyn and Shapshay66 Perepelitsyn I, Shapshay SM. Endoscopic treatment of laryngeal and tracheal stenosis-has mitomycin C improved the outcome? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;131(01):16-20. Doi: 10.1016/j. otohns.2004.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j...
(2004), United States |
Case-control (1990–1997 without MMC; 1997–2001 with MMC) |
20 without MMC (3 glottic, 17 subglottic); 16 with MMC (8 glottic, 8 subglottic) |
0.4 mg/mL (4 minutes) |
Only CO2 laser or laser with MMC or laser with corticoid |
Without MMC = 25.2 months; with MMC = 5 to 70 months |
Without MMC: 5/20; with MMC: 12/16 |
2.35 per patient |
Zero |
Nouraei et al77 Nouraei SA, Singh A, Patel A, Ferguson C, Howard DJ, Sandhu GS. Early endoscopic treatment of acute in?ammatory airway lesions improves the outcome of postintubation airway stenosis. Laryn- goscope 2006;116(08):1417-1421. Doi: 10.1177/000348940611 500105 https://doi.org/10.1177/000348940611...
(2006), United Kingdom |
Case series (2003–2005) |
31, but 11 were recent, (20 late stenoses) |
1 mg/mL (3 minutes) |
Radial incision with CO2 laser + dilation + MMC |
15.4 ± 1.8 months |
14/20 |
1 proc = 9 pat; > 1 proc = 11 pat |
not reported |
Schweinfurth88 Schweinfurth JM. Endoscopic treatment of severe tracheal stenosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2006;115(01):30-34. Doi: 10.1177/00034 8940611500105 https://doi.org/10.1177/00034...
(2006), United States |
Case series (does not mention period) |
20 (degree 1 = 1; degree 2 = 3; degree 3 = 10; degree 4 = 6) |
1 mg/mL (5 minutes) |
Incision with CO2 laser + dilation + MMC |
Mean of 16 months (5 to 27 months) |
15/20; tracheostomy (2), tracheal resection (3), death (1) |
1 proc = 15 pat; > 1 proc = 5 pat (2 = 4; 3 = 1) |
Tracheostomy (2) Dysphonia (4) |
Simpson and James99 Simpson CB, James JC. The ef?cacy of mitomycin-C in the treat- ment of laryngotracheal stenosis. Laryngoscope 2006;116(10): 1923-1925. Doi: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000235934.27964.88 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlg.000023593...
(2006) United States |
Case-control (January 1999–December 2004) |
36 (24 subglottic, 5 glottic, 3 supraglottic, 4 combined); 29 with MMC and 7 without MMC |
2 groups; 0.4 mg/mL: 22 patients; 1 mg/mL: 7 patients (5 minutes) |
CO2 laser + dilation or CO2 laser + dilation + MMC |
37.4 months |
Mean symptom-free time without MMC: 4.9 months; with MMC: 23.2 months |
With MMC: 1 proc = 24 pat; > 1 proc = 5 pat (2 = 4; 3 = 1); Without MMC: 2 proc = 2 patients; ≥3 proc = 5 patients |
not reported |
Ubell et al1010 Ubell ML, Ettema SL, Toohill RJ, Simpson CB, Merati AL. Mitomy- cin-c application in airway stenosis surgery: analysis of safety and costs. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;134(03):403-406. Doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.10.057 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2005.10...
(2006), United States |
Case series (August 2001–August 2005) |
50 (3 supraglottic, 13 glottic, 15 subglottic, 5 tracheal, 14 combined) |
0.4 mg/mL (Does not mention time of application) |
CO2 laser + dilation + MMC |
Not reported |
Not reported |
1.86/patient |
Fungal infection (1) |
Roediger et al1111 Roediger FC, Orloff LA, Courey MS. Adult subglottic stenosis: management with laser incisions and mitomycin-C. Laryngoscope 2008;118(09):1542-1546. Doi: 10.1097/MLG.0b013e318179247a https://doi.org/10.1097/MLG.0b013e318179...
(2008), United States |
Case series (October 2004–January 2008) |
15 subglottic |
0.5 mg/mL (3 minutes) |
CO2 laser + dilation + MMC |
Mean of 18 months (3 to 39 months) |
10/15 |
1 proc = 6 pat; > 1 proc = 9 pat (2 = 6; 3 = 2; 4 = 1) |
Acute Lumen Obstruction (1) |
1 proc = 12 pat;2 proc = 14 pat |
1 proc = 4 pat;2 proc = 3 pat |
With MMC: 1 proc = 3 pat;> 1 proc = 7 pat (2 =2; 3 = 5);without MMC: > 1 proc = 2 pat(5 = 1; 7 = 1) |
> 2 proc = 29 pat;≤2 proc= 51 pat;220 procedures;interval between procedures: 405 days;more distal stenosis = more frequent procedures |
Smith and Elstad33 Smith ME, Elstad M. Mitomycin C and the endoscopic treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis: are two applications better than one? Laryngoscope 2009;119(02):272-283. Doi: 10.1002/lary.20056 https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.20056...
(2009), United States |
Case series (does not mention period) |
26 subglottic |
0.5 mg/mL (5 minutes) |
1st - CO2 laser + dilation + MMC; 2nd - CO2 laser + dilation + (MMC or placebo) |
5 years |
21/26 |
1 proc = 6 pat;> 1 proc = 9 pat (2 = 6; 3 = 2; 4 = 1) |
Zero |
1 proc = 12 pat;2 proc = 14 pat |
1 proc = 4 pat;2 proc = 3 pat |
With MMC: 1 proc = 3 pat;> 1 proc = 7 pat (2 =2; 3 = 5);without MMC: > 1 proc = 2 pat(5 = 1; 7 = 1) |
> 2 proc = 29 pat;≤2 proc= 51 pat;220 procedures;interval between procedures: 405 days;more distal stenosis = more frequent procedures |
Madan et al1212 Madan K, Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D. Utility of rigid bronchoscopic dilatation and mitomycin C application in the management of postintubation tracheal stenosis: case series and systematic review of literature. J Bronchology Interv Pulmo- nol 2012;19(04):304-310. Doi: 10.1097/LBR.0b013e3182721290 https://doi.org/10.1097/LBR.0b013e318272...
(2012), India |
Case series (July 2009–August 2011) |
7 (degree III) |
0.4 mg/mL (2 minutes in each quadrant) |
Dilation + MMC |
27 days |
1/7 |
1 proc = 6 pat;> 1 proc = 9 pat(2 = 6; 3 = 2; 4 = 1) |
not reported |
1 proc = 12 pat;2 proc = 14 pat |
1 proc = 4 pat;2 proc = 3 pat |
With MMC: 1 proc = 3 pat;> 1 proc = 7 pat (2 =2; 3 = 5);without MMC: > 1 proc = 2 pat(5 = 1; 7 = 1) |
> 2 proc = 29 pat;≤2 proc= 51 pat;220 procedures;interval between procedures: 405 days;more distal stenosis = more frequent procedures |
Gouveris et al1313 Gouveris H, Karaiskaki N, Koutsimpelas D, Chongolwatana C, Mann W. Treatment for adult idiopathic and Wegener-associated subglottic stenosis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013;270(03): 989-993. Doi: 10.1007/s00405-012-2240-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-012-2240-...
(2013), Germany and Thailand |
Case-control (does not mention period) |
12 subglottic (7 degree II and 5 degree I); 10 with MMC and2 without MMC |
5 mg (10 minutes) |
CO2 laser + MMC or only CO2 laser |
With MMC: 7 to 72 months; without MMC: 18 to 115 months |
8/10 with MMC; 2/2 without MMC |
1 proc = 6 pat;> 1 proc = 9 pat(2 = 6; 3 = 2; 4 = 1) |
not reported |
1 proc = 12 pat;2 proc = 14 pat |
1 proc = 4 pat;2 proc = 3 pat |
With MMC: 1 proc = 3 pat;> 1 proc = 7 pat (2 =2; 3 = 5);without MMC: > 1 proc = 2 pat(5 = 1; 7 = 1) |
> 2 proc = 29 pat;≤2 proc= 51 pat;220 procedures;interval between procedures: 405 days;more distal stenosis = more frequent procedures |
Parker et al11 Parker NP, Bandyopadhyay D, Misono S, Goding GS Jr. Endoscopic cold incision, balloon dilation, mitomycin C application, and steroid injection for adult laryngotracheal stenosis. Laryngoscope 2013;123(01):220-225. Doi: 10.1002/lary.23638 https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.23638...
(2013), United States |
Case series (March 2000–December 2010) |
80 (does not mention the type) |
1 mg/mL (4 minutes) |
Cold incision + balloon dilation + MMC application + steroid injection; open surgery = 8 |
2.9 years |
Not reported |
1 proc = 6 pat;> 1 proc = 9 pat(2 = 6; 3 = 2; 4 = 1) |
Dyspnea (2) Subcutaneous emphysema (1) Laceration of vocal fold (1) Temporal vocal fold paralysis (1) |
1 proc = 12 pat;2 proc = 14 pat |
1 proc = 4 pat;2 proc = 3 pat |
With MMC: 1 proc = 3 pat;> 1 proc = 7 pat (2 =2; 3 = 5);without MMC: > 1 proc = 2 pat(5 = 1; 7 = 1) |
> 2 proc = 29 pat;≤2 proc= 51 pat;220 procedures;interval between procedures: 405 days;more distal stenosis = more frequent procedures |
Viveiros et al1414 Viveiros F, Gomes J, Oliveira A, Neves S, Almeida J, Moura e Sá J. Aplicação tópica de mitomicina-C como adjuvante no tratamento broncoscópico da estenose traqueal pós-entubação. Rev Port Pneu- mol 2013;19(06):276-280. Doi: 10.1016/j.rppneu.2013.06.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rppneu.2013.06...
(2013), Portugal |
Case series (2006–2012) |
11 (9 complex, 2 simple) |
0.4 mg/ml (3 minutes) |
Dilation with rigid bronchoscope + MMC |
27.5 months |
6/11 |
1 proc = 5 pat;> 1 proc = 6 pat(2 = 2; > 2 = 4) |
not reported |
1 proc = 6 pat;> 1 proc = 5 pat(2 = 4; 3 = 1) |
With MMC: 2,3/patients;without MMC: 2,0/patients;interval between procedures:375 days with MMC;186 days without MMC |
1 proc = 5 pat;> 1 proc = 17 pat(2 = 8; 3 = 3; 4 = 4; 5 = 2) |
Vorasubin et al1515 Vorasubin N, Vira D, Jamal N, Chhetri DK. Airway management and endoscopic treatment of subglottic and tracheal stenosis: the laryngeal mask airway technique. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2014; 123(04):293-298. Doi: 10.1177/0003489414525340 https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489414525340...
(2014), United States |
Case series (2008–2011) |
11 (6 subglottic, 2 tracheal, 3 combined) |
0.4 mg/mL (4 minutes) |
CO2 laser + dilation + MMC |
28 months |
9/11 |
1 proc = 5 pat; > 1 proc = 6 pat (2 = 2; > 2 = 4) |
not reported |
1 proc = 6 pat;> 1 proc = 5 pat(2 = 4; 3 = 1) |
With MMC: 2,3/patients;without MMC: 2,0/patients;interval between procedures:375 days with MMC;186 days without MMC |
1 proc = 5 pat;> 1 proc = 17 pat(2 = 8; 3 = 3; 4 = 4; 5 = 2) |
Reichert et al1616 Reichert LK, Zhao AS, Galati LT, Shapshay SM. The ef?cacy of mitomycin c in the treatment of laringotracheal stenosis: results and experiences with a dif?cult disease entity. ORL J Otorhinolar- yngol Relat Spec 2015;77(06):351-358. Doi: 10.1159/000439174 https://doi.org/10.1159/000439174...
(2015), United States |
Case-control (January 2005–May 2013) |
37 subglottic; 15 without MMC and 22 with MMC |
0.4 mg/mL (4 minutes) |
CO2 laser or CO2 laser + MMC |
10 months |
15/22 with MMC; 6/15 without MMC |
1 proc = 5 pat; > 1 proc = 6 pat (2 = 2; > 2 = 4) |
Zero |
1 proc = 6 pat; > 1 proc = 5 pat (2 = 4; 3 = 1) |
With MMC: 2,3/patients; without MMC: 2,0/patients; interval between procedures: 375 days with MMC; 186 days without MMC |
1 proc = 5 pat; > 1 proc = 17 pat (2 = 8; 3 = 3; 4 = 4; 5 = 2) |
Cataneo et al1717 Cataneo DC, Ximenes AMG, Cataneo AJM. Mitomycin C in the endoscopic treatment of tracheal stenosis: a prospective cohort study. J Bras Pneumol 2018;44(06):486-490. Doi: 10.1590/S1806- 37562017000000423 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-...
(2018), Brazil |
Prospective cohort (2003–2010) |
22 (4 subglotic, 14 tracheal, 4 combined) |
0.5 mg/mL (2 minutes) |
Dilation + MMC |
> 1 year |
14/22 |
1 proc = 5 pat; > 1 proc = 6 pat (2 = 2; > 2 = 4) |
Mediastinal emphysema (2) Granuloma (1) |
1 proc = 6 pat;> 1 proc = 5 pat(2 = 4; 3 = 1) |
With MMC: 2,3/patients;without MMC: 2,0/patients;interval between procedures:375 days with MMC;186 days without MMC |
1 proc = 5 pat;> 1 proc = 17 pat(2 = 8; 3 = 3; 4 = 4; 5 = 2) |