Effect of traditional resistance training on blood pressure in normotensive elderly persons: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses

Schiavoni, Durcelina; Pereira, Ligia Maxwell; Pereira, Hugo Maxwell; Cyrino, Edilson Serpeloni; Cardoso, Jefferson Rosa

doi:10.1590/1981-22562017020.160181

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Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia

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REVIEW ARTICLES • Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol. 20 (04) • Jul-Aug 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562017020.160181 copy

Effect of traditional resistance training on blood pressure in normotensive elderly persons: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the regular practice of traditional resistance training (RT) on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in normotensive elderly persons. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses was performed. Searches were performed without language restrictions in different databases. Randomized clinical trials published from 1966 to 2010 that assessed the effects of traditional RT on resting blood pressure (BP) and/or for the treatment of high BP were included. Only studies that assessed the effects of traditional RT on elderly adults, regardless of the number of exercises, with the presence of a control group and comparisons between groups, were included. Twenty-nine studies were found, but only six met the inclusion criteria. The mean difference was used for meta-analysis, using a 95% confidence interval and a random effect model. Traditional RT induced a significant decrease in SBP (-6.63 mmHg; p=0.02) but not in DBP (-3.34 mmHg; p=0.11). These results suggest that traditional RT may be a non-pharmacological strategy for the control of BP in the elderly.

Keywords:
Resistance Training; Blood Pressure; Elderly

Universidade do Estado do Rio Janeiro Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - Bloco F, 20559-900 Rio de Janeiro - RJ Brasil, Tel.: (55 21) 2334-0168 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: revistabgg@gmail.com

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[1] Correspondence Durcelina Schiavoni E-mail: dudaschiavoni@prof.unipar.br

Study	Training N Mean		Control N Mean		Weight (%)	MD Random Effect. CI (95%)
Traditional training up to 12 weeks
Gerage (2013)	15	120 ± 7	14	126 ± 7	18.2	-6.00 (-11.10;-0.90)
Gurjão (2013)	10	117.4 ± 9.2	7	126 ± 13.3	11.5	-8.60 (-19.98; 2.78)
Tsutsumi High int (1997)	14	103.7 ± 17.4	14	125.4 ± 14.1	11.1	-21.70 (-33.43; -9.97)
Tsutsumi Low int (1997)	13	110.15 ± 15	14	125.4 ± 14.1	11.8	-15.25 (-26.23; -4.27)
Wood (2001)	11	124.1 ± 16.3	6	127.7 ± 16.56	7.7	-5.60 (-17.01; -4.72)
Subtotal	63		55		60.3	-10.87 (-17.01; -4.72)
Heterogeneity = χ²2 James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-520.=7.24; GL=4 (p=0.12); I²2 James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-520.=45%
Overall Effect Test Z=3.47 (p=0.0005)
Traditional training over 12 weeks
Cononie (1991)	14	122 ± 11	7	129 ± 7	15.3	-7.00 (-14.75; 0.75)
Vicent High int (1997)	24	129.7 ± 9	16	129.3 ± 19	12.8	0.40 (-9.58; 10.38)
Vicent Low int (1997)	22	138.9 ± 15	16	129.3 ± 19	11.6	9.60 (-1.62; 20.82)
Subtotal	60		39		39.7	0.32 (-9.10; 9.74)
Heterogeneity = χ²2 James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-520.=5.80; GL=2 (p=0.05); I²2 James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-520.=66%
Overall Effect Test Z=0.07 (p=0.95)
Total	123		94		100	-6.63 (-12.29; -0.97)
Heterogeneity = χ²2 James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-520.=18.82; GL=7 (p=0.0009); I²2 James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-520. =63%
Overall Effect Test Z=2.30 (p=0.02)

Study	Training N Mean		Control N Mean		Weight (%)	MD Random effect. CI (95%)
Traditional training up to 12 weeks
Gerage (2013)	15	80 ± 6	14	82 ± 5	16.1	-2.00 (-6.01; 2.01)
Gurjão (2013)	10	75.2 ± 8.5	7	71.4 ± 6.6	12.1	3.80 (-3.39; 10.99)
Tsutsumi High int (1997)	14	62.3 ± 9.9	14	76 ± 9.8	11.9	-13.70 (-21.00; -6.4)
Tsutsumi Low int (1997)	14	75.5 ± 9.1	14	76 ± 9.81	12.1	-8.50 (-15.63; -1.37)
Wood (2001)	11	72.6 ± 10.6	6	80.3 ± 8.8	9.6	-7.70 (-17.12; 1.72)
Subtotal	63		55		61.8	-5.33 (-11.01; 0.34)
Heterogeneity = χ²2 James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-520.=14.35; GL=4 (p=0.006); I²2 James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-520.=72%
Overall Effect Test Z=1.84 (p=0.07)
Traditional training over 12 weeks
Cononie (1991)	14	75 ± 10	7	81 ± 5	13.0	-6.00 (-12.42; 0.42)
Vicent High int (1997)	24	81.1 ± 10.1	16	79.5 ± 12	12.1	1.60 (-5.53; 8.73)
Vicent Low int (1997)	22	83.4 ± 6	16	79.5 ± 12	13.1	3.90 (-2.49; 10.29)
Subtotal	60		39		38.2	-0.21 (-6.26; 5.83)
Heterogeneity = χ²2 James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-520.=5.80; GL=2 (p=0.05); I²2 James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-520.=66%
Overall Effect Test Z=0.07 (p=0.95)
Total	123		94		100	-3.34 (-7.49; 0.80)
Heterogeneity = χ²2 James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-520.=22.62; GL=7 (p=0.002); I²2 James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler, J, et al. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama 2014;311(5):507-520.=68%
Overall Effect Test Z=1.58 (p=0.11)