The impact of obesity on the perception of self-concept in children and adolescents

Serassuel Junior, Helio; Cavazzotto, Timothy Gustavo; Paludo, Ana Carolina; Zambrin, Lidyane Ferreira; Simões, Antonio Carlos

doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2015v17n2p165

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Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano

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Original Article • Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum. 17 (2) • Mar-Apr 2015 • https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2015v17n2p165 copy

The impact of obesity on the perception of self-concept in children and adolescents

O impacto da obesidade na percepção do autoconceito em crianças e adolescentes

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of overweight and obesity on the perception of self-concept in children and adolescents. A total of 785 schoolchildren, 410 girls (11.44 ± 1.84 years), participated in the study. The sample was divided into normal weight, overweight and obese groups according to the BMI criteria proposed byCole et al. (2000)Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz HW. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 2006;320(6):1240-45.. Socioeconomic status (SES) was evaluated according to theABEP (2010)ABEP - Associação brasileira de empresas de pesquisa. Dados com base no levantamento socioeconômico 2010 - IBOPE, 2010. Available at: <www.abep@abep.org [2013 Jul 10].
www.abep@abep.org... and self-concept was rated using the Piers-Harris 2 Scale. The results showed that for the overall self-concept variable the overweight and obese groups were within the average recommended by the instrument; however, the lowest scores were observed in obese boys and girls. On the basis of specific predictors (BMI, age, SES and skin color), obese boys were significantly more likely to present imbalance in the Behavioral Adjustment and Freedom From Anxiety domains (2.6 and 3.1 times, respectively) than the normal weight group, irrespective of age, SES and skin color. For girls, the obese group was 2.0 to 2.7 times more likely to present imbalance in the TOT and Intellectual Status, Popularity and Happiness domains than the normal weight group, irrespective of age, SES and skin color. The results demonstrated a negative impact of overweight and obesity on the perception of overall self-concept and its domains.

Key words:
Children; Obesity; Self-concept

Total score (TOT)
Raw scores	Percentile	Interpretation
≤ 29T	≤ 2	Very low
30T - 39T	3 - 14	Low
40T - 44T	15 - 28	Low average
45T - 55T	29 - 71	Average
56T - 59T	72 - 83	Above average
60T - 69T	84 - 97	High
≥ 70T	≥ 98	Very high

		Normal (n=581)		Overweight (n=121)		Obese (n=83)				Significant contrasts
Gender		Mean	σ	Mean	σ	Mean	σ	F	p
Boys	TOT	47.7	0.40	47.9	0.85	44.7	1.04	3.100	0.046	N>O
	BEH	46.4^* * p<0.05 between genders (Sidak multiple comparisons test). σ: standard deviation. Means adjusted for the covariate. TOT: Total Score; BEH: Behavioral Adjustment; iNT: Intellectual and School Status; pHY: Physical Appearance and Personal Attributes; FRE: Freedom From Anxiety; POP: Popularity; HAP: Happiness and Satisfaction. N: normal weight; Ov: overweight; O: obese.	0.43	48.2	0.92	45.9	1.11	1.898	0.151
	INT	47.8	0.46	47.4	0.98	47.0	1.19	0.166	0.847
	PHY	48.2^* * p<0.05 between genders (Sidak multiple comparisons test). σ: standard deviation. Means adjusted for the covariate. TOT: Total Score; BEH: Behavioral Adjustment; iNT: Intellectual and School Status; pHY: Physical Appearance and Personal Attributes; FRE: Freedom From Anxiety; POP: Popularity; HAP: Happiness and Satisfaction. N: normal weight; Ov: overweight; O: obese.	0.49	47.0	1.04	43.2	1.26	7.033	0.001	N>O
	FRE	49.1^* * p<0.05 between genders (Sidak multiple comparisons test). σ: standard deviation. Means adjusted for the covariate. TOT: Total Score; BEH: Behavioral Adjustment; iNT: Intellectual and School Status; pHY: Physical Appearance and Personal Attributes; FRE: Freedom From Anxiety; POP: Popularity; HAP: Happiness and Satisfaction. N: normal weight; Ov: overweight; O: obese.	0.38	48.4	0.81^* * p<0.05 between genders (Sidak multiple comparisons test). σ: standard deviation. Means adjusted for the covariate. TOT: Total Score; BEH: Behavioral Adjustment; iNT: Intellectual and School Status; pHY: Physical Appearance and Personal Attributes; FRE: Freedom From Anxiety; POP: Popularity; HAP: Happiness and Satisfaction. N: normal weight; Ov: overweight; O: obese.	45.5	0.98	4.332	0.013	N>O
	POP	48.8	0.45	48.4	0.95	44.2	1.15	5.504	0.004	N>O
	HAP	48.6	0.41	48.8	0.87	46.1	1.06	1.883	0.153
Girls	TOT	47.4	0.38	46.6	0.87	44.7	1.05	3.196	0.041	N>O
	BEH	50.4^* * p<0.05 between genders (Sidak multiple comparisons test). σ: standard deviation. Means adjusted for the covariate. TOT: Total Score; BEH: Behavioral Adjustment; iNT: Intellectual and School Status; pHY: Physical Appearance and Personal Attributes; FRE: Freedom From Anxiety; POP: Popularity; HAP: Happiness and Satisfaction. N: normal weight; Ov: overweight; O: obese.	0.40	50.7	0.91	48.3	1.10	1.692	0.185
	INT	48.6	0.42	48.8	0.96	47.0	1.16	0.805	0.447
	PHY	46.5^* * p<0.05 between genders (Sidak multiple comparisons test). σ: standard deviation. Means adjusted for the covariate. TOT: Total Score; BEH: Behavioral Adjustment; iNT: Intellectual and School Status; pHY: Physical Appearance and Personal Attributes; FRE: Freedom From Anxiety; POP: Popularity; HAP: Happiness and Satisfaction. N: normal weight; Ov: overweight; O: obese.	0.44	45.5	1.01	42.5	1.22	4.609	0.010	N>O
	FRE	44.6^* * p<0.05 between genders (Sidak multiple comparisons test). σ: standard deviation. Means adjusted for the covariate. TOT: Total Score; BEH: Behavioral Adjustment; iNT: Intellectual and School Status; pHY: Physical Appearance and Personal Attributes; FRE: Freedom From Anxiety; POP: Popularity; HAP: Happiness and Satisfaction. N: normal weight; Ov: overweight; O: obese.	0.38	44.2^* * p<0.05 between genders (Sidak multiple comparisons test). σ: standard deviation. Means adjusted for the covariate. TOT: Total Score; BEH: Behavioral Adjustment; iNT: Intellectual and School Status; pHY: Physical Appearance and Personal Attributes; FRE: Freedom From Anxiety; POP: Popularity; HAP: Happiness and Satisfaction. N: normal weight; Ov: overweight; O: obese.	0.87	43.4	1.05	0.742	0.476
	POP	49.4	0.42	47.3	0.95	46.6	1.15	4.570	0.011	N>O
	HAP	47.7	0.42	48.7	0.97	44.7	1.17	3.917	0.020	N>O;Ov>O

	TOT	BEH	INT	PHY	FRE	POP	HAP
Boys
BMI
Normal	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Overweight	1.1 (0.6-1.6)	0.9 (0.5-1.3)	0.7 (0.4-1.0)	0.8 (0.4-1.2)	0.8 (0.4-1.2)	0.8 (0.4-1.2)	0.7 (0.4-1.0)
Obese	1.7 (0.8-2.6)	2.6 (1.3-3.9)	1.1 (0.5-1.7)	0.8 (0.4-1.2)	3.1 (1.5-4.7)	1.7 (0.8-2.6)	1.5 (0.7-2.3)
Age (years)
8-9	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
10-12	1.4 (0.7-2.1)	0.5 (0.2-0.9)	0.6 (0.3-0.9)	1.3 (0.7-1.9)	1.5 (0.7-2.3)	0.9 (0.4-1.4)	1.3 (0.6-2.0)
13-14	1.5 (0.9-2.1)	0.7 (0.4-1.0)	0.8 (0.5-1.1)	1.3 (0.8-1.8)	2.0 (1.1-2.9)	1.4 (0.8-2.0)	1.4 (0.8-2.0)
Girls
BMI
Normal	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Overweight	0.9 (0.5-1.3)	0.7 (0.3-1.1)	1.0 (0.5-1.5)	1.3 (0.7-1.9)	0.7 (0.4-1.0)	1.3 (0.7-2.3)	1.2 (0.6-1.8)
Obese	2.1 (1.1-3.1)	0.9 (0.4-1.4)	2.0 (1.1-2.9)	1.9 (0.9-2.9)	1.4 (0.7-2.1)	2.7 (1.3-4.1)	2.5 (1.2-3.8)
Age (years)
8-9	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
10-12	0.7 (0.3-1.1)	0.8 (0.4-1.2)	0.6 (0.2-1.0)	0.4 (0.2-0.8)	0.4 (0.2-0.6)	1.5 (0.8-2.2)	1.3 (0.6-2.0)
13-14	1.0 (0.6-1.4)	0.9 (0.5-1.3)	0.8 (0.5-1.1)	0.8 (0.5-1.1)	1.1 (0.7-1.5)	1.2 (0.8-1.6)	1.0 (0.6-1.4)

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