Abe et al.1212 Abe T, Sakamaki M, Fujita S, Ozaki H, Sugaya M, Sato Y, et al. Effects of low-intensity walk training with restricted leg blood flow on muscle strength and aerobiccapacity in older adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2010;33(1):34-40.
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19 individuals (60-78 years) |
Investigate the effects of walking training with BFR on muscle size, strength and functionality |
GBFR: walking with BFR; GC - walking without BFR. |
Isometric (11%) and isokinetic (7% -16%) knee extension and flexion torque, transverse musculoskeletal area (5.8% and 5.1% for thigh and leg respectively), as well as muscle mass estimated by ultrasound (6.0% and 10.7% for total and thigh respectively) improved in GBFR (P <0.05), but not in GC. Functional capacity also significantly improved in GBFR (P <0.05). |
Iida et al.1818 Iida H, Nakajima T, Kurano M, Yasuda T, Sakamaki M, Sato Y, et al. Effects of walking with blood flow restriction on limb venous compliance in elderly subjects. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2011;31(6):472-6.
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16 women (59 - 78 years) |
Examine the influence of walking with BFR on venous compliance in older women. |
GBFR: Walking with BFR; GC: Hiking without BRF. |
Venous compliance (Pre: 0.0518 ± 0.0084, post: 0.0619 ± 0.0150 ml / 100 ml / mmHg (P <0.05) and maximum venous flow (pre: 55.3 ± 15.6 , post: 67.1 ± 18.9 ml / 100 ml / min (P <0.01) increased significantly in GBFR but not in GC. |
Karabulut et al.1919 Karabulut M, Abe T, Sato Y, Bemben MG. The effects of low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on leg muscle strength in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010;108(1):147-55.
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37 men (50 - 64 years) |
Compare the effect of two types of strength training on the adaptation of muscular strength in older men |
GTT - High intensity strength training without BFR; GBFR - Low intensity strength training with BFR; GC - No exercise. |
GTT and GBFR groups showed significantly greater strength improvements in the legpress exercise when compared to GC (p <0.05), with similar gains between GTT and GBFR. In the leg extension exercise, GTT presented significantly greater force gain than GBFR (p <0.05). |
Karabulut et al.1616 Karabulut M, Bemben DA, Sherk VD, Anderson MA, Abe T, Bemben MG. Effects of high-intensity resistance training and low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on bone markers in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011;108(11):1659-67.
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37 men (50 - 64 years) |
Compare the effect of different types of strength training on the concentration of bone markers in older men |
GTT - High intensity strength training without RFS; GBFR - Low intensity strength training with BFR; GC - No exercise. |
A significant effect was detected on bone alkaline phosphatase in exercise groups (p <0.05), 21%, 23% and 4.7% for LIBF, HIT and Gc respectively. HIT and LIBFR groups presented significantly greater gains when compared to GC (p <0.05), except for the leg extension exercise (HIT> LIBFR> GC, p <0.05). |
Karabulut et al.66 Karabulut M, Sherk VD, Bemben DA, Bemben MG. Inflammation marker, damage marker and anabolic hormone responses to resistance training with vascular restriction in older males. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2013;33(5):393-9.
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37 men (50 - 64 years) |
Compare the effect of different types of strength training on anabolic hormones, damage markers and inflammatory markers in older men. |
GTT - High intensity strength training without BFR; GBFR - Low intensity strength training with BFR; GC - No exercise. |
There were no significant differences between groups in the resting levels of CK, IL-6, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and Testosterone. In addition, there were no significant changes in the crosssectional area of the muscle, but a trend towards a significant decrease in percentage changes in subcutaneous thigh flexion. |
Libardi et al.1313 Libardi CA, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Cavaglieri CR, Tricoli V, Roschel H, VechinFC, et al. Effect of concurrent training with blood flow restriction in the elderly. Int J Sports Med 2015;36(5):395-9.
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25 individuals (64 ± 4.1 years) |
Investigate the effects of concurrent training with BFR and non-BFR on aerobic fitness, muscle mass and muscle strength in a cut of older individuals. |
GTT: high intensity strength training without BFR (2 days / week). GBFR: low intensity strength training with BFR (2 days / wk) |
GTT and GRFS showed similar increases in thigh muscle transverse area in the post-test (7.3% and 7.6%, respectively), maximal strength (38.1% and 35.4%, respectively) and VO2max (9.5%, P = 0.04, 10.3%, P = 0.02, respectively). |
Patterson et al.1717 Patterson SD, Ferguson RA. Enhancing strength and postocclusive calf blood flow in older people with training with blood-flow restriction. J Aging Phys Act 2011;19(3):201-13.
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10 individuals (62-73 years) |
Check strength training response with and without BFR on calf strength |
Low intensity force training. One leg with BFR and another without. |
Maximum strength, maximal voluntary isometric contraction, and isokinetic strength at 0.52 rad / s increased more after training with BFR than without BFR Peak blood flow post BFR increased after training with BFR, compared to no change after training without BFR. |
Thiebaud et al.77 Thiebaud RS, Loenneke JP, Fahs CA, Rossow LM, Kim D, Abe T, et al. The effects of elastic band resistance training combined with blood flow restriction on strength, total bone-free lean body mass and muscle thickness in postmenopausal women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2013;33(5):344-52.
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14 women (61±5 years) |
Check the effects of different strength training intensities with and without BFR on strength and muscle mass. |
GBFR: Low intensity strength training with BFR; GC: Low intensity strength training without BFR. |
Maximum seated bench press (P = 0.01), shoulder pressure (P = 0.02) and sitting row (P = 0.01) force increased significantly, but no differences were found between groups. Only greater thickness of the pectoral muscle was found (P = 0.04). |
Vechin et al.99 Vechin FC, Libardi CA, Conceicão MS, Damas FR, Lixandrão ME, Berton RP, Tricoli VA. Comparisons between low-intensity resistance training with blood flowrestriction and high-intensity resistance training on quadriceps muscle mass and strength in elderly. J Strength Cond Res 2015;29(4):1071-76.
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23 older adults (64.04±3.81 years) |
Compare the effects of different types of training on quadriceps muscle strength and muscle mass in the elderly. |
GTT: High intensity strength training without BFR; GRFS: Low intensity strength training with BFR; GC: without exercise. |
Both training protocols were effective in increasing maximal strength in legpress (GTT: 54%, p <0.001; GRFS: 17%, p = 0.067) and quadriceps cross-sectional area (GTT: 7.9%, p <0.001 ; GRFS: 6.6%, p <0.001); however, traditional high-intensity training seems to induce greater strength gain. |
Yasuda et al.1010 Yasuda T, Fukumura K, Uchida Y, Koshi H, Iida H, Masamune K, et al. Effects of low-load, elastic band resistance training combined with blood flow restriction on muscle size and arterial stiffness in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015;70(8):950-8.
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17 individuals (61-85 years) |
Examine the effect of strength training with BFR on muscle size and arterial stiffness. |
GC: Low intensity strength training without BFR; GRFS: Low intensity strength training with BFR; |
Flexor (17.6%) and elbow extensors (17.4%) cross-sectional area increased, as well as maximal isometric voluntary contraction of flexors (7.8%) and elbow extensors (16.1%) improved in GRFS, but not in GTT. There were no changes in the ankle cardiovascular index and ankle-brachial pressure index in both groups. |
Yokokawa et al.88 Yokokawa Y, Hongo M, Urayama H, Nishimura T, Kai I. Effects of low intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion on physical function in healthy elderly people. Biosci Trends 2008;2(3):117-23.
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51 individuals (65 years or more). |
To compare the effects of two types of training in the elderly. |
GRFS: Low intensity strength training with BFR; GED: Dynamic balance training. |
Improvements were found in overall performance and balance after training programs, but there were no differences between groups. Muscle strength in the lower limbs increased significantly in GRFS, but not in GED. Growth hormone concentration increased significantly in GRFS. |
Shimizu et al.2020 Shimizu R, Hotta K, Yamamoto S, Matsumoto T, Kamiya K, Kato M, et al. Low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction improves vascular endothelial function and peripheral blood circulation in healthy elderly people. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016;116(4):749-57.
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40 individuals (71 ± 4 years) |
Investigate the effects of training with BFR on endothelial function and circulation in the elderly |
GRFS: Low intensity strength training with BFR; GC: Low intensity strength training without BFR. |
The lactate, norepinephrine and growth hormone concentrations increased significantly more in GRFS than in GC. GRFS showed significant improvement in endothelial function and peripheral blood circulation. There was no difference in muscle strength between groups, but both increased the strength of the lower limbs. |