Prevalence and factors associated with body image dissatisfaction among university students: repeated surveys analysis

Sousa, Thiago Ferreira de; Santos, Sueyla Ferreira da Silva dos; Rodrigues, Amanda Silva; Papini, Camila Bosquiero; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Tribess, Sheilla

doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2019v21e53036

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Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano

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Brasil

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Original article • Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum 21 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2019v21e53036 copy

Prevalence and factors associated with body image dissatisfaction among university students: repeated surveys analysis

Prevalências e fatores associados à insatisfação com a imagem corporal em universitários: análise de inquéritos repetidos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Body image dissatisfaction may favor the onset of disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction between two surveys and to assess sociodemographic factors and link with university associated with body image dissatisfaction due to overweight and thinness. Two cross-sectional studies were carried out with samples of 1,085 and 1,041 public higher education institution students in years 2012 and 2014, respectively. The body silhouette scales measured body image dissatisfaction due to overweight and thinness. Sociodemographic variables (sex, age and marital status) and link with the university (study shift, university time and study areas) were the independent variables. Comparisons between surveys were performed using the Chi-square test and the association between variables by Odds Ratio (OR). There was an increase in the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction in students of the Engineering area between surveys. In 2012, younger presented lower chances of dissatisfaction due to overweight and the males higher chances of dissatisfaction due to thinness (OR: 2.06; 95%CI: 1.50–2.84). In 2014, males, younger, without partner, enrolled in the 2nd year of university and of the Health Sciences area (OR: 0.49; CI95%: 0.25–0.97) presented lowers chances of presenting dissatisfaction due to overweight. The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction due to overweight between surveys is higher in men and was associated with lower chances of dissatisfaction due to overweight in both surveys and in younger students.

Key words
Body image; Cross-sectional studies; Students

Variables		Dissatisfied due to overweight				Dissatisfied due to thinness				p
		2012		2014		2012		2014
		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Sex
	Male	156	32.2	169	35.0	188	38.8	151	31.3	0.04
	Female	263	46.4	265	50.6	122	21.5	122	23.3	0.10
Age group
	17 to 20 years	90	30.1	122	38.6	105	35.1	100	31.6	0.08
	21 to 23 years	128	37.0	128	37.6	111	32.1	102	30.0	0.83
	24 years or more	194	49.0	176	51.6	92	23.2	70	20.5	0.65
Marital status
	No partner	332	37.1	355	40.4	280	31.3	257	29.3	0.34
	With partner	85	56.3	76	61.3	28	18.5	15	12.1	0.34
Study shift
	Day	270	38.1	299	41.1	224	31.6	205	28.2	0.32
	Night	149	43.3	135	48.4	86	25.0	68	24.4	0.38
University time
	1^st year	88	38.6	81	41.3	76	33.3	60	30.6	0.80
	2^nd year	90	35.6	68	34.9	81	32.0	58	29.7	0.78
	3^rd year	79	38.2	101	46.5	57	27.5	49	22.6	0.20
	4^th year or more	162	44.5	184	46.1	96	26.4	106	26.6	0.85
Study area
	Agrarian Sciences	30	33.7	31	40.3	31	34.8	19	24.7	0.36
	Exact and Earth Sciences	58	31.2	67	42.1	66	35.5	43	27.0	0.08
	Applied Social Sciences	99	43.2	94	44.5	59	25.8	60	28.4	0.63
	Biological Sciences	33	46.5	41	49.5	18	25.4	21	25.3	0.91
	Engineering	27	29.7	50	37.3	40	44.0	33	24.6	<0.01
	Humanities and Social Sciences	68	43.6	60	43.8	32	20.5	40	29.2	0.13
	Health Sciences	51	45.5	37	34.6	33	29.5	35	32.7	0.23
	Linguistics, Languages and Arts	53	44.9	54	54.5	31	26.3	22	22.2	0.37

Variable		Dissatisfied due to overweight		Dissatisfied due to thinness
Variable		OR crude (95% CI)	OR adjusted (95% CI)	OR crude (95% CI)	OR adjusted (95% CI)
Sex^a a distal
	Male	0.77 (0.57; 1.04)	0.77 (0.57; 1.04)	2.00 (1.46; 2.75)	2.06 (1.50; 2.84)
	Female	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Age group ^a a distal
	17 to 20 years	0.49 (0.34; 0.71)	0.49 (0.34; 0.70)	1.21 (0.82; 1.78)	1.29 (0.87; 1.91)
	21 to 23 years	0.68 (0.48; 0.96)	0.66 (0.47; 0.94)	1.24 (0.84; 1.82)	1.32 (0.90; 1.95)
	24 years or more	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Marital status ^b b intermediate
	No partner	0.52 (0.34; 0.79)	0.67 (0.43; 1.05)	1.34 (0.80; 2.24)	1.28 (0.74; 2.22)
	With partner	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Study shift ^c c proximal
	Day	0.92 (0.68; 1.25)	1.02 (0.70; 1.49)	1.33 (0.94; 1.86)	1.09 (0.72; 1.66)
	Night	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
University time ^c c proximal
	1^st year	0.90 (0.60; 1.35)	1.21 (0.77; 1.91)	1.31 (0.85; 2.02)	1.32 (0.81; 2.16)
	2^nd year	0.72 (0.49; 1.06)	0.81 (0.53; 1.22)	1.09 (0.72; 1.65)	1.03 (0.66; 1.61)
	3^rd year	0.73 (0.49; 1.09)	0.76 (0.50; 1.16)	0.89 (0.57; 1.38)	0.95 (0.60; 1.51)
	4^th year or more	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Study area^c c proximal
	Agrarian Sciences	0.69 (0.35; 1.34)	0.77 (0.39; 1.54)	1.21 (0.60; 2.46)	1.31 (0.63; 2.70)
	Exact and Earth Sciences	0.60 (0.34; 1.05)	0.64 (0.36; 1.15)	1.17 (0.64; 2.12)	1.00 (0.54; 1.85)
	Applied Social Sciences	0.89 (0.53; 1.52)	0.84 (0.48; 1.45)	0.91 (0.50; 1.65)	0.81 (0.44; 1.51)
	Biological Sciences	1.06 (0.52; 2.14)	1.07 (0.52; 2.20)	0.99 (0.44; 2.20)	0.98 (0.43; 2.23)
	Engineering	0.72 (0.36; 1.45)	1.06 (0.51; 2.21)	1.83 (0.91; 3.69)	1.53 (0.73; 3.20)
	Humanities and Social Sciences	0.78 (0.45; 1.36)	0.59 (0.33; 1.06)	0.63 (0.33; 1.20)	0.61 (0.31; 1.20)
	Health Sciences	1.17 (0.62; 2.20)	1.23 (0.64; 2.36)	1.29 (0.64; 2.60)	1.15 (0.56; 2.36)
	Linguistics. Languages and Arts	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00

Variable		Dissatisfied due to overweight		Dissatisfied due to thinness
Variable		OR crude (95% CI)	OR adjusted (95% CI)		OR crude (95% CI)
Sex^a a distal
	Male	0.54 (0.40; 0.72)	0.53 (0.39; 0.71)	1.04 (0.75; 1.45)	1.06 (0.76; 1.47)
	Female	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Age group^a a distal
	17 to 20 years	0.70 (0.48; 1.01)	0.67 (0.46; 0.97)	1.44 (0.95; 2.19)	1.45 (0.95; 2.20)
	21 to 23 years	0.63 (0.44; 0.90)	0.60 (0.42; 0.86)	1.26 (0.83; 1.90)	1.26 (0.84; 1.90)
	24 years or more	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Marital status ^b b intermediate
	No partner	0.58 (0.37; 0.90)	0.61 (0.37; 0.98)	2.13 (1.13; 4.01)	1.84 (0.94; 3.59)
	With partner	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Study shift ^c c proximal
	Day	0.75 (0.54; 1.04)	0.90 (0.59; 1.38)	1.02 (0.70; 1.49)	1.03 (0.65; 1.65)
	Night	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
University time ^c c proximal
	1^st year	0.87 (0.57; 1.32)	0.95 (0.60; 1.52)	1.12 (0.71; 1.76)	0.90 (0.54; 1.50)
	2^nd year	0.58 (0.39; 0.88)	0.62 (0.39; 0.97)	0.86 (0.56; 1.34)	0.71 (0.43; 1.15)
	3^rd year	0.89 (0.60; 1.32)	0.87 (0.57; 1.31)	0.75 (0.48; 1.19)	0.67 (0.41; 1.08)
	4^th year or more	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Study area^c c proximal
	Agrarian Sciences	0.49 (0.24; 0.99)	0.53 (0.26; 1.10)	0.74 (0.32; 1.68)	0.70 (0.30; 1.61)
	Exact and Earth Sciences	0.58 (0.32; 1.07)	0.76 (0.41; 1.43)	0.92 (0.45; 1.87)	0.84 (0.41; 1.74)
	Applied Social Sciences	0.70 (0.39; 1.26)	0.79 (0.43; 1.44)	1.10 (0.55; 2.19)	1.07 (0.53; 2.14)
	Biological Sciences	0.83 (0.41; 1.70)	1.01 (0.48; 2.10)	1.04 (0.45; 2.42)	1.01 (0.43; 2.36)
	Engineering	0.42 (0.22; 0.78)	0.59 (0.31; 1.12)	0.68 (0.33; 1.40)	0.57 (0.27; 1.21)
	Humanities and Social Sciences	0.69 (0.36; 1.31)	0.62 (0.32; 1.19)	1.13 (0.54; 2.36)	1.27 (0.60; 2.68)
	Health Sciences	0.45 (0.23; 0.88)	0.49 (0.25; 0.97)	1.04 (0.49; 2.21)	1.04 (0.49; 2.22)
	Linguistics, Languages and Arts	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00

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[1] Corresponding Author. Thiago Ferreira de Sousa.Federal University of “Recôncavo da Bahia”. Teacher Formation Center.Nestor de Mello Pita, nº 535 – Postal box: 64, Amargosa, BA, Brazil.Zip code: 45.300-000.Email: tfsousa_thiago@yahoo.com.br