In the pioneer stage:
|
Score |
a) Discontinuous and/or incipient litter. |
1 |
|
b) Presence of creepers, usually herbaceous. |
1 |
3 |
c) Most abundant plant species are typically heliophilous, including forage, exotic, and invasive crops, such as Baccharis spp., Vernonia spp., Gochnatia polymorpha, Peschieria fuchsiaefolia, Guapira spp., Ricinus communis, Acacia spp., Gleichenia spp., Pteridium spp., etc. |
1 |
|
In the initial stage of regeneration:
|
Score |
a) Woody strata ranging from open to closed, presenting plants with variable heights. |
3 |
|
b) Epiphytes, when present, are not very abundant and are represented, for instance, by mosses and lichens. |
3 |
|
c) Creepers, if present, may be herbaceous or woody. |
3 |
|
d) Litter, when present, can be continuous or not, forming a thin layer that is little decomposed. |
3 |
21 |
e) The sub-forest can include young plants of arboreal species of the more mature stages. |
3 |
|
f) Low biological diversity, with around ten dominant tree or shrub species. |
3 |
|
g) The most abundant and characteristic plant species, besides those mentioned for the pioneer stage, are: Gochnatia polimorpha, Peschieria fuchsiaefolia, Guapira spp., Ricinus communis, Acacia spp., Stenolobium stans, Trema micrantha, Solanum granuloso-lebrosum, Psidium guaiava, Croton urucurana, Aloysia virgata, Pterogyne nitens, Cecropia spp., Xylopia aromatica, Byrsonima spp., Guazuma ulmifolia, Tibouchina spp., Miconia spp., Rapanea spp., Alchornea spp., Schinus terebinthifolius, and Casearia sylvestris, among others. |
3 |
|
In the middle stage of regeneration:
|
Score |
a) Presence of layers of different heights, with each layer having a cover varying from open to closed, the top layer surface being uniform, and emergent trees appearing. |
5 |
|
b) Epiphytes appear in a greater number of individuals and species, being more abundant and presenting more species in the Ombrophilous Forest domain. |
5 |
|
c) Creepers, when present, are generally woody. |
5 |
|
d) Litter may vary in thickness, depending on the season and location. |
5 |
35 |
e) The sub-forest shows common occurrence of Ombrophilous shrubs, mainly including Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, and Meliaceae species. |
5 |
|
f) Significant biological diversity, with possible dominance of a few species, usually of rapid growth. In addition, various palms and ferns may appear. |
5 |
|
g) The most abundant and characteristic species, in addition to those mentioned for the previous stages, are: Machaerium spp., Platypodium elegans, Cordia trichotoma, Pithecellobium edwallii, Myracroduon urundeuva, Schizolobium parahiba, Amburana cearensis, Casearia gossypiosperma, Cedrela spp., Cabralea canjerana, Luehea spp., Copaifera langsdorfii, Peltophorum dubium, Lonchocarpus spp., Pterodon pubescens, Ocotea spp., Nectandra spp., Crytocaria spp., Plathymenia spp., Centrolobium tomentosum, Tabebuia spp., Andira spp., Guarea spp., Acacia polyphylla, Zanthoxyllum spp., Enterolobium contorsiliquum, Didimopanax spp., Araucaria angustifolia, Podocarpus spp., Terminalia spp., Tapirira guianensis, Matayba spp., Tabebuia cassinoides, Myrcia spp., Machlura tinctoria, Piptadenia gonoacantha, and Patagonula americana, among others. |
5 |
|
In the advanced stage of regeneration:
|
Score |
a) Closed forest physiognomy, with tendency for a contiguous distribution of crowns. The canopy may or may not present emergent trees. |
7 |
|
b) Large numbers of strata, including trees, shrubs, terrestrial herbs, creepers, and epiphytes, etc., which abundance and number of species vary according to climate and location. The upper crowns are usually horizontally broad. |
7 |
|
c) Epiphytes including many species and in great abundance, mainly in the Ombrophilous Forest. |
7 |
|
d) Creepers are usually woody (mainly legumes, Bignoniaceae, Compositae, Malpighiaceae, and Sapindaceae), being more abundant and species-rich in the Seasonal Forest. |
7 |
|
e) Presence of litter, varying according to time and location, presenting intense decomposition. |
7 |
56 |
f) In the sub-forest, shrub and herbaceous strata appear with greater or lesser frequency, with the shrubs being predominantly those already mentioned for the previous stage (Ombrophilous shrubs) and the herbaceous species consisting predominantly of Bromeliaceae, Araceae, Marantaceae, and Heliconiaceae, mainly in the humid areas. |
7 |
|
g) Very high biological diversity, due to the structural complexity and the number of species. |
7 |
|
h) In addition to those already mentioned for the previous stages, common mature forest species include: Cariniana spp., Hymenaea spp., Balfourodendron riedelianum, Machaerium spp., Chorisia speciosa, Esenbeckia leiocarpa, Ocotea porosa, Ficus spp., Manilkara spp., Persea spp., Erythryna spp., Calophyllum brasiliensis, Miconia spp., Gallesia integrifolia, Aspidosperma spp., and Dalbergia spp., among others. |
7 |
|