A cross-cultural study of physical activity and sedentariness in youth from Mozambique and Portugal

Santos, Fernanda Karina dos; Prista, António; Gomes, Thayse Natacha; Souza, Michele; Tchonga, Francisco; Damasceno, Albertino; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Maia, José

doi:10.1590/S1980-6574201700SI0087

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Original Article • Motriz: rev. educ. fis. 23 (spe2) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-6574201700SI0087 copy

A cross-cultural study of physical activity and sedentariness in youth from Mozambique and Portugal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and country of origin (Mozambique versus Portugal) on physical activity and sedentariness.

Methods:

Sample size was comprised of 593 adolescents from Mozambique (n=258) and Portugal (n=335), aged 10-15 years old. Height and weight were measured, and BMI was computed; furthermore, subjects were classified in two groups (normal weight and overweight/obese). The mean time (min/day) spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and sedentary activity were assessed using the GT3X Actigraph accelerometer over at least 4 days (1 weekend day) with a minimum of 10 hours/day of monitoring. Multiple regression analysis was done in SPSS 20.

Results:

A low percentage of Mozambican (3.9%) and Portuguese (4.3%) youth complied with the MVPA recommendations (60min·day^-1). However, Portuguese boys spend more time in MVPA. Girls and those with higher BMI spend more time in sedentary activities and less time in MVPA and LPA; older adolescents spend more time in sedentary activities and less time in LPA. There is a significant effect of the country of origin on MVPA, favouring Portuguese youth.

Conclusions:

Results suggest country differences in MVPA between Mozambican and Portuguese youth - the Mozambicans are less involved in MVPA than the Portuguese, probably reinforcing the undesirable effect of the urbanization process in developing nations.

Keywords:
physical activity; sedentariness; youth; cross-cultural

		Portugal	Mozambique	t	p-value
		Mean±SD	Mean±SD	t	p-value
Boys	N	141	108
	BMI (kg∙m^-2)	20.3±3.5	18.8±3.6	3.466	0.001
	MVPA (min∙d^-1)	31.0±21.5	27.6±18.3	1.284	0.200
	LPA (min∙d^-1)	378.0±81.7	421.3±108.5	-3.590	<0.001
	ST (min∙d^-1)	417.0±86.2	492.9±118.9	-5.609	<0.001
Girls	N	194	150
	BMI (kg∙m^-2)	20.9±3.6	20.1±3.7	2.084	0.040
	MVPA (min∙d^-1)	17.0±13.4	16.46±13.79	0.340	0.734
	LPA (min∙d^-1)	354.8±86.9	388.19±100.97	-3.230	0.001
	ST (min∙d^-1)	457.1±87.5	513.81±114.81	-5.022	<0.001
Total	N	335	258
	BMI (kg∙m^-2)	20.7±3.6	19.5±3.7	3.786	<0.001
	MVPA (min∙d^-1)	22.9±18.6	21.1±16.8	1.161	0.246
	LPA (min∙d^-1)	364.6±85.4	402.1±105.2	-4.658	<0.001
	ST (min∙d^-1)	440.2±89.1	505.1±116.8	-7.413	<0.001

Year	PA Groups	Boys		Girls
Year	PA Groups	Portugal	Mozambique	Portugal	Mozambique
10	>60min∙d^-1	2 (10.0%)	2 (16.7%)	---	---
10	<60min∙d^-1	18 (90.0%)	10 (83.3%)	23 (100%)	17 (100%)
11	>60min∙d^-1	---	2 (14.3%)	1 (1.7%)	---
11	<60min∙d^-1	44 (100%)	12 (85.7%)	57 (98.3%)	17 (100%)
12	>60min∙d^-1	3 (11.1%)	1 (4.8%)	1 (2.7%)	1 (4.2%)
12	<60min∙d^-1	24 (88.9%)	20 (95.2%)	36 (97.3%)	23 (95.8%)
13	>60min∙d^-1	4 (19.0%)	2 (8.7%)	1 (3.3%)	---
13	<60min∙d^-1	17 (81%)	21 (91.3%)	29 (96.7%)	26 (100%)
14	>60min∙d^-1	---	2 (8.7%)	---	1 (2.2%)
14	<60min∙d^-1	20 (100%)	21 (91.3%)	32 (100%)	45 (97.8%)
15	>60min∙d^-1	1 (11.1%)	---	---	---
15	<60min∙d^-1	8 (88.9%)	15 (100%)	14 (100%)	20 (100%)
Total	>60min∙d^-1	10 (7.1%)	9 (8.3%)	3 (1.5%)	2 (1.3%)
Total	<60min∙d^-1	131 (92.9%)	99 (91.7%)	191 (98.5%)	148 (98.7%)

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E-mail: motriz.rc@unesp.br

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[1] Corresponding author Fernanda Karina dos Santos Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Educação Física. Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/nº, Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa,MG. Email: fernandak.santos@ufv.br

	MVPA (min∙d ^-1 )	LPA (min.d ^-1 )	ST (min∙d ^-1 )
Model	R²2 Bouchard C, Blair SN, Haskell W. Why study physical activity and health? In: Bouchard C, Blair SN, Haskell W, editors. Physical activity and health. Champaign, Human Kinetics; 2007. p. 3-19. = 0.18, SEE = 16.23	R²2 Bouchard C, Blair SN, Haskell W. Why study physical activity and health? In: Bouchard C, Blair SN, Haskell W, editors. Physical activity and health. Champaign, Human Kinetics; 2007. p. 3-19. = 0.36, SEE = 77.56	R²2 Bouchard C, Blair SN, Haskell W. Why study physical activity and health? In: Bouchard C, Blair SN, Haskell W, editors. Physical activity and health. Champaign, Human Kinetics; 2007. p. 3-19. = 0.64, SEE = 82.33
Sex ¹1 Rowland TW. The biological basis of physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998; Mar;30(3):392-399.	β = 11.70, p < 0.001	β = 17.03, p = 0.009	β = - 28.73, p < 0.001
Age (years)	β = 0.16, p = 0.727	β = -27.08, p < 0.001	β = 26.93, p < 0.001
BMI (kg∙m^-2)	β = -0.99, p < 0.001	β = -2.99, p = 0.001	β = 3.98, p < 0.001
WTA (min∙d^-1)	β = 0.03, p = 0.005	β = 0.49, p < 0.001	β = 4.09, p < 0.001
Country ²2 Bouchard C, Blair SN, Haskell W. Why study physical activity and health? In: Bouchard C, Blair SN, Haskell W, editors. Physical activity and health. Champaign, Human Kinetics; 2007. p. 3-19.	β = -5.74, p = 0.001	β = 3.67, p = 0.654	β = 2.08, p = 0.812