Space-time variability of evapotranspiration and precipitation in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Santos, Lucas da Costa; José, Jefferson Vieira; Alves, Daniel Soares; Nitsche, Pablo Ricardo; Reis, Elton Fialho dos; Bender, Fabiani Denise

doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.2057

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ARTICLES • Rev. Ambient. Água 12 (5) • Oct 2017 • https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2057 copy

Space-time variability of evapotranspiration and precipitation in the State of Paraná, Brazil

Variabilidade espaço-temporal da evapotranspiração e precipitação para o Estado do Paraná

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Long-term changes in important weather variables such as evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation are expected as a response to climate change. These changes may require adjustments to current strategies of planning and management of water resources. The objective of this work was to conduct a spatiotemporal characterization of evapotranspiration in the State of Paraná, Brazil, including in this approach a temporal trend analysis. A similar analysis was also conducted for precipitation. Thus, the historical data (1980-2010) from 33 weather stations were analyzed. The spatial distribution of the data was carried out by geostatistical techniques (ordinary kriging) and the trend analysis by the tests Mann-Kendall and Sen. According to the results, evapotranspiration increases from the coast to the interior of the state, with the highest values in the northeast and northwest regions, reaching levels of about 1200 mm yr^-1. The temporal variability of the ET presented a significant upward trend in 12% of the locations, with increases from 2.5 to 7.0 mm yr^-1. Precipitation was higher in the coastal and south-central regions and the lowest amounts were identified in the northeast and northwest regions. The precipitation trend analysis indicated a significant downward trend in precipitation volume of five locations. The evapotranspiration and precipitation showed, in general, no statistically significant trends in most of the stations analyzed; however, the upward trends for ET and downward trends for precipitation indicate local changes in the State of Paraná.

Keywords:
climate change; evapotranspiration demand; regionalization.

Weather Station	Lat.	Long.	Alt. (m)	Weather Station	Lat.	Long.	Alt. (m)
1-Antonina	-25.13	-48.48	60	18-Laranjeiras do Sul	-25,25	-52.25	880
2-Apucarana	-23.30	-51.32	746	19-Londrina	-23.22	-51.10	585
3-Bandeirantes	-23.06	-50.21	440	20-Mauá da Serra	-23.54	-51.13	1020
4-Bela Vista do Paraíso	-22.57	-51.12	600	21-Morretes	-25.30	-48.49	59
5-Cambará	-23.00	-50.02	450	22-Nova Cantu	-24.40	-52.34	540
6-Cândido de Abreu	-24.38	-51.15	645	23-Palmas	-26.29	-51.59	1100
7-Cascavel	-24.53	-53.33	660	24-Palotina	-24.18	-53.55	310
8-Cerro Azul	-24.49	-49.15	360	25-Paranavaí	-23.05	-52.26	480
9-Cianorte	-23.40	-52.35	530	26-Pato Branco	-26.07	-52.41	700
10-Clevelândia	-26.25	-52.21	930	27-Pinhais	-25.25	-49.08	930
11-Fernandes Pinheiro	-25.27	-50.35	893	28-Planalto	-25.42	-53.47	400
12-Francisco Beltrão	-26.05	-53.04	650	29-Ponta Grossa	-25.13	-50.01	880
13-Guarapuava	-25.21	-51.30	1058	30-Quedas do Iguaçu	-25.31	-53.01	513
14-Guaraqueçaba	-25.16	-48.32	40	31-São Miguel Iguaçu	-25.26	-54.22	260
15-Ibiporã	-23.16	-51.01	484	32-Telêmaco Borba	-24.20	-50.37	768
16-Joaquim Távora	-23.30	-49.57	512	33-Umuarama	-23.44	-53.17	480
17-Lapa	-25.47	-49.46	910

Locality	Reference evapotranspiration					Rainfall
	ET_0AC	ET_OD	CV	K-M (τ)	Sen’s Slope	Average rainfall	CV	K-M (τ)	Sen's Slope
	mm yr^-1	mm day^-1	%	Trend	mm yr^-1	mm yr^-1	%	Trend	mm yr^-1
Antonina	659.3	1.8	12.8	0.3^*	3.2	2315.8	23.9	-0.3^*	-39.5
Apucarana	1062.3	2.9	6.6	0.3^ns	3.3	1619.1	16.6	-0.2^ns	-7.6
Bandeirantes	1231.9	3.4	6.8	0.2^ns	3.3	1442.3	17.5	-0.2^ns	-9.3
Bela Vista	979.0	2.7	5.4	0.0^ns	0.7	1527.1	16.9	-0.4^*	-18.3
Cambará	1139.7	3.1	6.0	0.0^ns	-0.4	1407.7	15.8	-0.2^ns	-5.8
Cândido Abreu	927.9	2.5	7.2	0.18^ns	1.5	1659.3	17.5	-0.2^ns	-7.6
Cascavel	1096.4	3.0	7.4	0.3^*	4.1	1899.9	19.1	-0.4^*	-18.3
Cerro Azul	783.2	2.1	7.7	0.0^ns	0.1	1475.2	18.5	0.3^*	13.0
Cianorte	1120.4	3.1	6.0	0.1^ns	0.8	1627.1	17.5	-0.2^*	-8.6
Clevelândia	937.87	2.6	6.6	0.1^ns	0.4	2060.0	21.5	0.1^ns	4.4
Fernandes Pinheiro	703.43	1.9	7.2	0.0^ns	1.0	1635.9	20.0	-0.1^ns	-6.0
Francisco Beltrão	905.9	2.5	6.1	-0.2^ns	-1.6	2067.8	22.9	0.0^ns	-3.9
Ibiporã	1164.1	3.2	7.1	-0.1^ns	-1.5	1515.3	18.6	-0.1^ns	-8.0
Joaquim Távora	1057.8	2.9	5.6	0.0^ns	0.4	1432.8	15.0	-0.1^ns	-2.2
Lapa	715.9	2.0	6.4	-0.1^ns	-1.1	1548.8	18.6	0.1^*	6.9
Laranjeiras do Sul	913.9	2.5	7.3	0.2^ns	2.5	2055.5	17.3	-0.1^ns	-8.9
Londrina	1102.8	3.0	6.6	0.0^ns	0.9	1619.6	18.1	-0.1^ns	-3.6
Mauá da Serra	967.2	2.7	10.5	0.4^*	0.1	1642.4	19.9	-0.4^*	-17.9
Morretes	597.0	1.6	7.6	-0.2^ns	-1.7	2018.2	15.5	0.1^ns	7.4
Nova Cantu	1069.1	2.9	6.7	-0.1^ns	-1.3	1988.6	14.3	-0.1^ns	-8.9
Palmas	768.54	2.1	6.3	0.1^ns	0.6	2110.0	20.4	0.0^ns	0.9
Palotina	1041.7	2.9	6.0	0.1^ns	0.7	1662.2	21.2	-0.0^ns	-3.2
Paranavaí	1187.8	3.3	6.9	-0.2^ns	-2.0	1487.3	16.8	0.0^ns	-1.2
Pato Branco	925.64	2.5	5.9	0.1^ns	0.8	2072.4	23.4	-0.1^ns	-5.2
Pinhais	667.7	1.8	11.7	0.3^*	2.5	1503.0	17.2	0.0^ns	3.6
Planalto	1066.9	2.9	6.1	0.0^ns	0.7	1968.0	20.4	-0.1^ns	-5.1
Ponta Grossa	839.4	2.3	6.4	-0.2^ns	-2.0	1624.5	20.7	0.0^ns	0.3
Quedas do Iguaçu	966.0	2.6	7.0	0.2^ns	2.8	1994.1	18.6	-0.2^ns	-11.6
São Miguel Iguaçu	1031.4	2.8	5.8	0.2^ns	2.3	1820.5	16.9	-0.2^ns	-7.6
Telêmaco Borba	814.6	2.2	5.7	0.1^ns	1.3	1622.8	14.9	-0.1^ns	-6.4
Umuarama	1180.5	3.2	6.6	-0.1^ns	-1.4	1630.9	15.6	0.0^ns	-0.5

Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas (IPABHi), Estrada Mun. Dr. José Luis Cembranelli, 5000, Taubaté, SP, Brasil, CEP 12081-010 - Taubaté - SP - Brazil
E-mail: ambi.agua@gmail.com

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[1] ^* Corresponding author: Lucas da Costa Santos, e-mail: lucas.cs21@gmail.com