Impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children

ROSA, Guilherme Nascimento da; BUZZATI, Bruna Cássia Schmit; PIOVESAN, Chaiana; MENDES, Fausto Medeiros; OLIVEIRA, Marta Dutra Machado; ARDENGHI, Thiago Machado

doi:10.1590/1981-863720150001000052959

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Original • Rev Gaúch. Odontol. 63 (1) • Jan-Mar 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-863720150001000052959 copy

Impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children

Impacto da maloclusão na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em pré-escolares

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

This study assessed the relationship of dental malocclusion with COHRQoL considering socioeconomic backgrounds and clinical factors.

METHODS:

A survey was carried out in Santa Maria, Brazil, during the National Children's Vaccination Day. The sample comprised 478 children aged 12 to 59 months. Fifteen trained and calibrated examiners evaluated the presence of anterior malocclusion traits (AMT) - anterior open bite, overjet and sealing lip. COHRQoL was measured through overall scores of the Brazilian version of ECOHIS (Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale). The assessment of association used adjusted Poisson regression models.

RESULTS:

The unadjusted assessment observed age, untreated dental caries and anterior open bite as the main covariates of the overall ECOHIS score. After the adjustment, the presence of anterior open bite had a negative impact on COHRQoL. There was no association between overjet and sealing lip with COHRQoL.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, anterior open bite present a negative impact on COHRQoL.

Child; Epidemiology; Malocclusion; Quality of life

Variables	n	(%)
Child’s gender
Male	232	48.5
Female	246	51.5
Child’s age (months)
12 - 23	97	20.3
24 - 35	89	18.6
36 - 47	119	24.9
48 - 59	173	36.2
Household income
≥ 2BMW	174	38.6
< 2BMW	277	61.4
Mother’s schooling
≥ 8 years	268	56.8
< 8 years	204	43.2
Fathes’s schooling
≥ 8 years	247	55.4
< 8 years	199	44.6
Mother’s occupation
Employed	231	49.5
Unemployed	236	50.5
Father’s occupation
Employed	412	90.0
Unemployed	46	10.0
Cavity of Caries
No	331	69.3
Yes	147	30.7
Dental trauma
Without	401	85.9
With	66	14.1
Overjet
≤ 3mm	308	86.5
> 3mm	48	13.5
Lip coverage
Adequate	417	89.7
Inadequate	48	10.3
Anterior open bite
No	336	73.2
Yes	123	26.8

ECOHIS domains	Mean (SE)	Possible range	Range
Child section
1. How often has your child had pain in the teeth, mouth, or jaws? (Symptoms)	0.3 (0.03)	0 - 4	0 - 4
How often has your child…because of dental problems or dental treatments? (Function)	0.5 (0.09)	0 - 16	0 - 15
2. Had difﬁculty drinking hot or cold beverages
3. Had difﬁculty eating some foods
4. Had difﬁculty pronouncing any words
5. Missed preschool, daycare, or school
How often has your child….because of dental problems or dental treatments? (Psychological)	0.4 (0.05)	0 - 8	0 - 8
6. Had trouble sleeping
7. Been irritable or frustrated
How often has your child … because of dental problems or dental treatments? (Self-image/social interaction)	0.1 (0.05)	0 - 8	0 - 8
8. Avoided smiling or laughing when around other children
9. Avoided talking with other children

Family section
How often have you or another family member … because of your child’s dental problems or dental treatments? (Parent distress)	0.4 (0.09)	0 - 8	0 - 8
10. Been upset
11. Felt guilty
How often … (Family function)	0.1 (0.02)	0 - 4	0 -4
12. Have you or another family member taken time off from work because of your child’s dental problems or dental treatments?
13. Has your child had dental problems or dental treatments that had a ﬁnancial impact on your family?
Total ECOHIS	1.9 (0.21)	0 - 42	0 -41

	With trauma RR Unadj (95%CI)	With trauma RR Adjust (95%CI)	With AOB RR Unadj (95%CI)	With AOB RR Adjust (95%CI)	With Caries RR Unadj (95%CI)	With Caries RR Unadj (95%CI)
ECOHIS (overall scale)	1.64 (0.89-3.02)	*	1.58 (1.04-2.38)	1.52 (1.03-2.22)**	3.26 (2.29–4.65)	2.72 (1.64-4.48)**
Domains
Symptoms	1.22 (0.70-2.11)	*	1.58 (1.04-2.38)	1.70 (1.08-2.66)**	3.41 (2.17-5.38)	2.72 (1.64-4.48)**
Function	1.90 (0.90-4.02)	*	2.37 (1.43-3.95)	2.24 (1.33-3.76)**	3.70 (2.28-6.01)	2.30 (1.40-3.79)**
Psychological	1.11 (0.49-2.50)	*	1.15 (0.63-2.08)	*	1.97 (1.20-3.24)	2.64 (1.57-4.44)**
Self-image/ Social interaction	3.35 (0.88-12.68)	*	2.03 (0.62-6.61)	*	6.30 (1.86-21.37)	3.60 (1.09-11.90)**
Parental distress	1.49 (0.75-2.95)	*	1.32 (0.77-2.26)	*	3.29 (2.02-5.36)	2.89 (1.74-4.78)**
Family function	3.03 (1.25-7.33)	2.78 (1.18-6.51)**	0.70 (0.23-2.10)	*	4.86 (2.21-10.66)	3.63 (1.61-8.19)**

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[1] Collaborators GNR and BCSB were responsible for the data collection and in writing the article. CP, FMM and MMDO participated in the preparation, in discussion of the results and in writing the article. TMA supervised the research and participated in writing the paper.