Durability of the adhesive cementation to the dentin substract

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the union stability of resin cements to the dental substract through microtensile bond strength (µTBS) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Methods

Fifty-four third human molars, stored in water for a short (24 hours) and long period of time (1 year) presented a flat oclusal superficial dentin. The teeth were distributed in six different groups: G1- Panavia F2.0/Kuraray; G2- RelyXUnicem/3M ESPE; G3- G-Cem/GC; G4- Biscem/ Bisco; G5- Panavia F2.0/Kuraray without pre-treatment and G6- Multilink Sprint/Ivoclar-Vivadent which were adhered to its respective indirect resin composite restoration, (G1- Clearfil AP-X/Kuraray; G2- Filtek Z350/3M ESPE; G3- Gradia Direct X(tm)/GC; G4- Aelite(tm)/ Bisco; G5- Clearfil AP-X/Kuraray; G6- Tetric Ceram/ Ivoclar-Vivadent). The resin blocks were cemented and the sticks were obtained by tooth, with an area of adhesive interface of 0,8mm² (±0,2).

Results

The mean values, submitted to Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α = 5%) were in MPa after 24 hours: G1 = 9.66 (A), G2 = 13.37 (A); G3 = 15.89 (A); G5 = 4.18 (B); G6 = 11.01 (A) and after 1 year: G1 = 9.75 (A), G2 = 11.73 (A); G3 = 20.10 (B); G5 = 6.80 (A); G6 = 21.09 (B). All G4 group presented pretest failures.

Conclusion

During the one year period, with the exception of BisCem, the self-adhesive resin cements were a favorable alternative for the adhesive cementation, standing out among these, the G-Cem and Multilink Sprint.

Indexing terms:
Dentin; Resin cements; Tensile strength

Cement / Lots	Composition	Resin / Batch	Composition	Manufacturer
Kit Panávia F2.0 (61166)	ED Primer 2.0 - ED Primer II A: HEMA, DP, 5-NMSA, water, accelerator. ED Primer B: 5-NMSA, gas, water, benzene sodium sulfinateED Primer 2.0Panavia F2.0 - Base: hydrophobic aliphatic and aromatic dimethacrylate; aromatic sulfinate sodium N, N-diethanol-p-toluidine, sodium fluoride, functionalized glass, barium silaniizado. Catalyst: MDP dimethacrylate aromatic and aliphatic hydrophobic, hydrophilic dimethacrylate, silanized silica, photoinitiator, dibenzoyl peroxide. (70.8% filler particles, particles of 2µ.	Clearfil AP-X (01191A)	Barium silanized crystal, silanized colloidal silica, silanized silica, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, di-camphorquinone.	Kuraray, Osaka, Japan
RelyX Unicem (265704)	Powder: glass fillers, silica, calcium hydroxide, self-curing initiators, pigments, light-curing initiators (filler load 72% wt, particle size < 9.5 µm) Liquid: methacrylated phosphoric esters, dimethacrylates, acetate, stabilizers, self-curing initiators, light-curing initiators	Filtek Z350 (7KU)	Filler particles, bisphenol A polyethylene glycol diether dimethacrylate, diurethane dimethacrylate, bisphenol A di-glycidyl ether dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and pigment.	3M-Espe, Seefeld, Germany
G-CEM (0702171)	Powder: fluoroaluminosilicate glass, initiator, pigment Liquid: 4-MET, phosphoric acid ester monomer, water, UDMA, dimethacrylate, silica powder, initiator, stabilizer	Gradia DirectX (0705101)	UDMA (15-30% \ 0; aluminum fluoride silicate glass (30-40%), silica powder (10-20%); prepolymerized loading (20-30%); dimethacrylate (0-5%); camphorquinone (<1%)	G-Cem Tokyo, Japan
Biscem (0700006829)	Bis (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) phosphate(base), tetraethylene glycol	Aelite (070008486)	Bis-EMA (15-40%), TEGDMA (3% -7); glass particles (50-90%), amorphous silica (1-20%)	Bisco, Schaumburg, IL USA
Multilink Sprint (k25953)	Dimethacrylates and acidicmonomers. The inorganic fillers arebarium glass, ytterbium trifluorideand silicon dioxide. The mean particlesize is 5 µm. The total volume ofinorganic fillers is approx. 48%	Tetric Ceram (k00802)	Urethane dimethacrylate, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA. Inorganic filler: glass, barium, ytterbium trifluoride, aluminum fluorosilicate glass and barium, highly dispersed silicon dioxide and mixed oxides spheroidal	Ivoclar Vivadent Schaan, Liechtenstein

Group	Product	Dentin Pre-Treatment	Cimentation
G1	Panavia F2.0 (Kurarya)	Prophylaxis with pumice and water, mix the ED Primer II (Dispense 1 drop of Liquid A and Liquid B; apply on the tooth structure and wait 30 s, remove the excess with paper towels, dry with slight air jet	Apply Clearfil Ceramic Primer on the piece restorer with microbrush and remove excess; dispense equal amounts of paste A and B of the resin cement; manipulate for 20s, cementing the restoration under pressure 40g/mm² for 60s, 37°C; remove excesses, light curing each interface and the occlusal for 20s, apply the Oxiguard II for 3min. and then remove material with cotton pellet and water jet.
G2	RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE)	No pre-treatment	Activate the capsule for 4s in the metallic device that comes with the kit; manipulate in mechanical mill for 15s, apply the cement to dentin through the applier; cementing under pressure 40g/mm² for 60s, 37°C; to remove excesses; light cure each interface and occlusal for 20s.
G3	GCem (GC)	Prophylaxis with pumice and water	Agitate the capsule manually to homogenize the material, press the plunger until the level of the main body, and immediately places a capsule in the applicator and activate only once; take the crusher and rotate for 10s, remove immediately and put the crusher on the applicator; perform 2 clicks and prepare the capsule for the application; apply the cement to dentin and cementing restorative piece under pressure of 40g/mm² for 4min, 37°C; remove excess of the cement, light curing each interface and occlusal surface for 10s.
G4	BisCem (Bisco)	Prophylaxis with pumice and water	Dispense small amount of the material; dovetail the applicator; apply the cement to the inner surface of the restoration, cementing the part under pressure 40g/mm² and removing the excess, immediate photoactivation of each interface and occlusal for 20s.
G5	Panavia F2.0 (Kurarya)	No pre-treatment	Apply Clearfil Ceramic Primer on the piece restorer with microbrush and remove excess; dispense equal amounts of paste A and B of the resin cement; manipulate for 20s, cementing the restoration under pressure 40g/mm² for 60s, 37°C; remove excesses, light curing each interface and the occlusal surface for 20s, apply the Oxiguard II for 3min. and then remove material with cotton pellet and water jet.
G6	Multlink Sprint (Ivoclar Vivadent)	Prophylaxis with pumice and water	Apply cement, cement the restoring under pressure 40g/mm²; remove excess; cover interfaces with oxygen blocking (Aqua gel / Kley Hertz SA); immediate photoactivation of each adhesive interface and occlusal for 20s, rinse thoroughly to remove the blocker.

Statistical Analysis	Groups					p - Value
24 hours						p - Value
	G1	G2	G3	G5	G6
Mean	9.66 (2.22)^A	13.37 (4.09)^A	15.89 (5.57)^A	4.18 (1.99)^B	11.01 (4.02)^A	p = 0.022*
1 year
Mean	9.76 (4.30)^A	11.74 (2.90)^A	20.10 (6.42)^B	6.81 (3.20)^A	21.10 (6.81)^B	p = 0.033*

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[1] Correspondência para / Correspondence to: MA DURÃO. E-mail: <marciadurao.fop@gmail.com>.