Effect of music on reducing anxiety in children during dental treatment

A total of 40 children 5 to 11 years old were selected; they were randomized into 2 groups (n = 20): group 1: experimental, children were subjected to music therapy; group 2: control, children were not subjected to music therapy. We measured oxygen saturation, heart rate and levels of Corah anxiety scale and pain scale. The results for heart rate were evaluated by ANOVA. The Kruskal Wallis (Dunn) test was used to evaluate the oxygen saturation results and the Wilcoxon test for Corah anxiety and pain scores

Results:

There was a significant decrease in heart rate (pulse) in children who listened to music during dental treatment (p = 0.05). In the group without music, heart rate remained unchanged throughout the care (p = 0.53). There was no significant difference in oxygen saturation or Corah anxiety and pain scores in children who listened to music during dental care (p > 0.05)

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that music is a non-pharmacological alternative that reduces anxiety levels in children during dental treatment.

Indexing terms
Music therapy; Pediatric dentistry; Child

Gender	Previous visit	Local anesthesia	Psychological behavior	Number	Reason for visit	Number
Male 14	Yes 13 (93%)	Yes 11 (79%)	Extroverted	4 (28.5%)	Pain	6 (42.8%)
			Anxious	2 (14.2%)	Caries	2 (14.2%)
			Fearful	3 (21.4%)	Fracture	2 (14.2%)
	No 1 (7%)	No 3 (21%)	Insecure	2 (14.2%)	Malocclusion	2 (14.2%)
	No 1 (7%)	No 3 (21%)	Distrustful	3 (21.4%)	Proservation	2 (14.2%)
Female 6	Yes 6 (100%)	Yes 3 (50%)	Extroverted	1 (16.6%)	Pain	2 (33.3%)
			Anxious	1 (16.6%)	Caries	2 (33.3%)
			Fearful	3 (50%)	Fracture	0 (0%)
	No 0 (0%)	No 3 (50%)	Insecure	1 (16.6%)	Malocclusion	1 (16.6%)
	No 0 (0%)	No 3 (50%)	Distrustful	0 (0%)	Proservation	1 (16.6%)

Gender	Previous visit	Local anesthesia	Psychological behavior	Number	Reason for visit	Number
Male 9	Yes 08 (89%)	Yes 6 (66.6%)	Extroverted	1 (11.1%)	Pain	2 (22.2%)
			Anxious	2 (22.2%)	Caries	2 (22.2%)
			Fearful	1 (11.1%)	Fracture	2 (22.2%)
	No 1 (11%)	No 3 (33.3%)	Insecure	0 (0%)	Malocclusion	1 (11.1%)
	No 1 (11%)	No 3 (33.3%)	Distrustful	5 (55.5%)	Proservation	2 (22.2%)
Female 11	Yes 7 (64%)	Yes 8(73%)	Extroverted	4 (36.3%)	Pain	6 (55%)
			Anxious	2 (18%)	Caries	3 (27%)
			Fearful	2 (18%)	Fracture	2 (18%)
	No 4 (36%)	No 3 (27%)	Insecure	1 (9%)	Malocclusion	0 (0%)
	No 4 (36%)	No 3 (27%)	Distrustful	2 (18%)	Proservation	0 (0%)

Children cared for without the use of music (n = 20)
	Pulse		O₂				Corah scale		Pain scale
	Before	After	Before	After			Before	After	Before	After
MN	58	58	96		73		4	4	0	0
MX	113	113	99		99		14	12	10	10
MA (SD)	91.35 (14.36)	87.15 (15.48)	97.85 (0.93)		95.55 (6.35)		6.55 (2.91)	6.45 (2.83)	2.10 (3.40)	1.10 (2.38)
MD (IQD)	93.00 (12.25)	85.00 (21.00)	98.00 (1.25)		97.50 (1.75)		6.00 (4.25)	5.50 (3.50)	0.00 (2.50)	0.00 (2.00)
(p)	0.53		0.13				0.72		0.28
Children cared for with the use of music (n=20)
	Pulse		O₂			Corah scale			Pain scale
	Before	After	Before		After	Before		After	Before	After
MN	60	56	95		70	4		4	0	0
MX	122	120	99		100	15		11	4	4
MA (SD)	93.80 (14.85)	85.00 (15.73)	97.55 (1.19)		96.70 (6.37)	6.20 (3.31)		5.30 (2.25)	1.60 (1.66)	1.00 (1.52)
MD (IQD)	92.50 (16.25)	82.50 (19.00)	98.00 (1.00)		98.00 (2.00)	4.50 (3.00)		4.00 (2.25)	2.00 (2.50)	2.00 (2.00)
(p)	0.05^* * Statistically significant differences.		0.38			0.16			0.19

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[1] Collaborators

SK TSHISWAKA, method development and manuscript writing. SL PINHEIRO, advisor, assistance with preparing and writing the research project, data collection, statistical analysis, and manuscript revision.