DRIVER PREFERENCE CONCERNING IN-CAR ROUTE GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION SYSTEM MAPS FOR DRIVERS WITH COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY

Oliveira, Renan Furlan de; Pugliesi, Edmur Azevedo; Ramos, Ana Paula Marques; Decanini, Mônica Modesta Santos

doi:10.1590/S1982-21702018000200013

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ARTICLE • Bol. Ciênc. Geod. 24 (2) • June 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-21702018000200013 copy

DRIVER PREFERENCE CONCERNING IN-CAR ROUTE GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION SYSTEM MAPS FOR DRIVERS WITH COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY

Preferência de motoristas com deficiência na visão de cores por mapas de sistemas de navegação e guia de rota em automóvel

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

In-car Route Guidance and Navigation Systems (RGNS) are used to help drivers navigate. These maps have mainly been designed to accommodate drivers with normal color vision. However, the color perception of people with normal color vision differs from that of people with color vision deficiency. When navigating, understanding certain kinds of information presented by RGNS maps can be a more complex task for colorblind drivers and traffic safety may be impacted negatively. An important aspect related to the graphic design of RGNS maps is the use of a good combination of colors to improve map legibility. Cartographic representations with good legibility aid drivers in comprehending information and making appropriate decisions during driving tasks. This paper evaluates driver preference for RGNS maps designed for drivers with color vision deficiency. A total of 14 subjects participated in an experiment performed in a parked car. Maps were designed to accommodate red-blinds and green-blinds by using a color simulator and principles of perceptual grouping and figure-ground segregation. Based on the results, we conclude that the map grouping symbols representing car and direction arrows in blue segregated from the route in black was more acceptable to drivers compared to other combinations. It is recommended that RGNS should offer a specific graphic design to support drivers with color vision deficiency in navigating.

Keywords:
In-Car Route Guidance and Navigation System; Map design; Color vision deficiency; Drivers’ preference.

Hierarchy	Information category	Information elements	Spatial dimension	Level of measurement
1^st	Location on route	Car	Point	Nominal
	Maneuver direction	Direction arrow	Point	Nominal
	Path to follow	Route	Line	Sequential
2^nd	Spatial context	Road network: Arterial road Collector road Local road	Line	Sequential
3^th		Railway	Line	Single class
		Green area	Area	Single class
		Blocks	Area	Single class

Pair	Map	Comments
1	Blue (car + route + direction arrow)	“Greater emphasis on the route; blue draws more attention than others; clarity; route can be confused with hydrographic features”
1	Black (car + route + direction arrow)	“Greater emphasis on the main symbols of the map; ease of distinguishing information; the route draws more attention”
2	Blue (car + route) and black (direction arrow)	“The route in blue is more prominent; quick to identify the main symbols of the map; blue draws more attention”
2	Black (car + route) and blue (direction arrow)	“The route in black is more prominent; it facilitates better distinction of map elements; clarity; draws more attention; the objects appear closer”
3	Black (route) and blue (car + direction arrow)	“Easier to understand the car and the arrow in relation to the route; clarity; I can see the car easier; the objects are closer; the car and the arrow in front of the route; draws more attention”
3	Blue (route) and black (car + direction arrow)	“Route more prominent; greater difference between elements; arrow with contour in black is more prominent in relation to the route”
4	Blue (car) and black (route + direction arrow)	“Map is clear; easier to perceive differences; contour of the arrow in black helps identifying information”
4	Black (car) and blue (route + direction arrow)	“The car, arrow and route are more notable; better difference between different elements; car in black draws more attention”

Sequence	Map	Comments
5	Blue (car + route) and black (direction arrow)	“Easy to identify the information; arrow well defined”
	Black (car) and blue (route + direction arrow)	“Route in blue has greater prominence; importance of locating car; good differentiation between the car, route and arrow; arrow and car most prominent”
	Black (route) and blue (car + direction arrow)	“Route and car most easily notable; get the most attention; greater contrast between the main symbols of the map; greater readability; ease of perceiving distance between car and maneuver; biggest highlight for the car on the route; route highlighted in relation to other roads”
6	Black (car + route) and blue (direction arrow)	“Black helps differentiating other elements; arrow most notable”
	Blue (car) and black (route + direction arrow)	“Greater emphasis on the route - most important element on the map; higher contrast and clarity; ease in identifying the car; contour of the arrow facilitates understanding the maneuver”
	Blue (route) and black (car + direction arrow)	“The route is more prominent; the difference between the elements is clearer; the map is clear; the route draws more attention”

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