PHYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF THE GEOPROPOLIS EXTRACTS OF THE JANDAIRA STINGLESS BEE ( <i>Melipona subnitida</i> ) IN WEEDS

The objective of the present research is to characterize the phytotoxic activity of geopropolis from the Jandaira bee (Melipona subnitida Ducke) in the state of Ceará in Northeast Brazil and to analyze its effects. Extracts were prepared in 80% v/v grain alcohol at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0%. Their effects were determined on seed germination, radicle elongation, and hypocotyl growth of the pasture weeds malícia (Mimosa pudica) and mata-pasto (Senna obtusifolia). Extract phytotoxicity varied as functions of plant species, application dosage, and plant organ. M. pudica was more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of geopropolis than S. obtusifolia. There was a phytotoxic effect of 50% (PE50) for S. obtusifolia in terms of seed germination and in rootlet development near the maximum applied concentrations. M. pudica had PE50 and PE90 at the minimum concentration (0.25%) and near the maximum (1.00%), respectively. Thus, geopropolis extracts from the Jandaira bee (M. subnitida) are potentially phytotoxic to certain plant species.

Keywords:
Allelopathy; Wild bee propolis; Weed plants; Semiarid; Indigenous bees.

Authorship

DANIEL SANTIAGO PEREIRA ^** Corresponding author: daniel.pereira@embrapa.br.

Botanic Departament, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Belém, PA, Brazil; daniel.pereira@embrapa.br.Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuáriaBrazilBelém, PA, Brazil Botanic Departament, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Belém, PA, Brazil; daniel.pereira@embrapa.br.

JOÃO PAULO DE HOLANDA-NETO

Center of Research and extension for bees, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Ouricuri, PE, Brazil; jpholandaneto@gmail.com.Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão PernambucanoBrazilOuricuri, PE, Brazil Center of Research and extension for bees, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Ouricuri, PE, Brazil; jpholandaneto@gmail.com.

MOZANIEL SANTANA DE OLIVEIRA

Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; mozaniel.oliveira@yahoo.com.br.Universidade Federal do ParáBrazilBelém, PA, Brazil Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; mozaniel.oliveira@yahoo.com.br.

NATANAEL SANTIAGO PEREIRA

Laboratory of soil water for irrigation purposes and vegetable tissues, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil; natanael@ifce.edu.br.Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do CearáBrazilLimoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil Laboratory of soil water for irrigation purposes and vegetable tissues, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil; natanael@ifce.edu.br.

PATRÍCIO BORGES MARACAJÁ

Center for food science and Agrifood technology, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal, PB, Brazil; patriciomaracaja@gmail.com.Universidade Federal de Campina GrandeBrazilPombal, PB, Brazil Center for food science and Agrifood technology, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal, PB, Brazil; patriciomaracaja@gmail.com.

ANTONIO PEDRO DA SILVA SOUZA FILHO

Departament of Agroindustry, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Belém, PA, Brazil; antonio-pedro.filho@embrapa.br.Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuáriaBrazilBelém, PA, Brazil Departament of Agroindustry, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Belém, PA, Brazil; antonio-pedro.filho@embrapa.br.

* Corresponding author: daniel.pereira@embrapa.br.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1
A) Weighing the crude propolis; B) Removal of the bioactive substances by shaking in grain alcohol; C) Filtration of the liquid phase; D) Filtered extracts; E) Concentration of the extracts in evaporator; F) Arrangement of the samples for extract color determination. Photo: Daniel Santiago Pereira

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Figure 2
Average inhibitions of mata-pasto (ML) (Senna. obtusifolia) germination and malícia (ML) (Mimosa pudica) as functions of Jandaira bee (M. subnitida) geopropolis extract concentrations. Vertical charts represent upper- and lower limits corresponding to the standard deviation reverse-transformed into %. Upper- and lower stippled lines represent the respective estimates for malícia (ML) (M. pudica) and mata-pasto (MP) (S. obtusifolia), respectively. * and ** indicate 5% and 1% significance, respectively.

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Figure 3
Average inhibition of mata-pasto (MP) (S. obtusifolia) and malícia (ML) (M. pudica) root development as functions of Jandaira bee (M. subnitida) geopropolis extract concentrations. Vertical bars represent the upper- and lower limits of the standard deviation reverse-transformed into %. Upper- and lower stippled lines represent the respective estimates for malícia and mata-pasto, respectively. * and * * indicate 5% and 1% significance, respectively.

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Figure 4
Percentage hypocotyl growth inhibition of mata-pasto (MP) (Senna obtusifolia) and malícia (ML) (Mimosa pudica) as functions of Jandaira bee (M. subnitida) geopropolis extract concentrations. Vertical bars represent the upper- and lower limits relative to 1 standard deviation, reverse-transformed in %. * and ** indicate significance at 5% and 1% probabilities, respectively.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Mean squares of ANOVA for germination rate, radicle growth, and hypocotyl growth with their respective significances and coefficients of variation (VC) in response to various concentrations of ethanol extracts of Jandaíra geopropolis (Melipona subnitida Ducke) in different target species^{1, 2}.

Figure 1 A) Weighing the crude propolis; B) Removal of the bioactive substances by shaking in grain alcohol; C) Filtration of the liquid phase; D) Filtered extracts; E) Concentration of the extracts in evaporator; F) Arrangement of the samples for extract color determination. Photo: Daniel Santiago Pereira

Figure 2 Average inhibitions of mata-pasto (ML) (Senna. obtusifolia) germination and malícia (ML) (Mimosa pudica) as functions of Jandaira bee (M. subnitida) geopropolis extract concentrations. Vertical charts represent upper- and lower limits corresponding to the standard deviation reverse-transformed into %. Upper- and lower stippled lines represent the respective estimates for malícia (ML) (M. pudica) and mata-pasto (MP) (S. obtusifolia), respectively. * and ** indicate 5% and 1% significance, respectively.

Figure 3 Average inhibition of mata-pasto (MP) (S. obtusifolia) and malícia (ML) (M. pudica) root development as functions of Jandaira bee (M. subnitida) geopropolis extract concentrations. Vertical bars represent the upper- and lower limits of the standard deviation reverse-transformed into %. Upper- and lower stippled lines represent the respective estimates for malícia and mata-pasto, respectively. * and * * indicate 5% and 1% significance, respectively.

Figure 4 Percentage hypocotyl growth inhibition of mata-pasto (MP) (Senna obtusifolia) and malícia (ML) (Mimosa pudica) as functions of Jandaira bee (M. subnitida) geopropolis extract concentrations. Vertical bars represent the upper- and lower limits relative to 1 standard deviation, reverse-transformed in %. * and ** indicate significance at 5% and 1% probabilities, respectively.

Table 1 Mean squares of ANOVA for germination rate, radicle growth, and hypocotyl growth with their respective significances and coefficients of variation (VC) in response to various concentrations of ethanol extracts of Jandaíra geopropolis (Melipona subnitida Ducke) in different target species^{1, 2}.

¹Data transformed into arcsines [(P%/100 +1)/2]. ²Original data were expressed in percentage inhibition relative to distilled water control. * and ** indicate significances of 5% and 1% probability, respectively, by the F-test.

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PHYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF THE GEOPROPOLIS EXTRACTS OF THE JANDAIRA STINGLESS BEE ( <i>Melipona subnitida</i> ) IN WEEDS

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[1] * Corresponding author: daniel.pereira@embrapa.br.