TOXICITY OF Esenbeckia pumila Pohl (Rutaceae) ON Artemia salina AND Atta sexdens rubropilosa

Duarte, Geane Karla Gonçalves Ferreira; Menezes, Antônio Carlos Severo; Naves, Plínio Lázaro Faleiro; Bueno, Odair Correa; Santos, Renato Gomes; Silva Junior, Weber Martins da

doi:10.1590/1983-21252019v32n111rc

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Agronomia • Rev. Caatinga 32 (01) • Jan-Mar 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n111rc copy

TOXICITY OF Esenbeckia pumila Pohl (Rutaceae) ON Artemia salina AND Atta sexdens rubropilosa¹ 1 Paper extracted from the masters dissertation of the first author.

POTENCIAL TÓXICO DE Esenbeckia pumila Pohl (Rutaceae) SOBRE Artemia salina E Atta sexdens rubropilosa

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The number of studies on plant compounds with insecticidal activity has increased in recent years, and one of the primary targets of these compounds is leaf-cutter ants, which are considered the most important pests in Brazilian plantations, especially ants of the genus Atta. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic activity of the crude extract and fractions of the leaves of Esenbeckia pumila Pohl (Rutaceae) on Artemia salina and Atta sexdens rubropilosa and to perform a phytochemical study of this plant species. The toxicity of the extract and fractions was evaluated by determining the mean lethal concentration (LC₅₀) on A. salina. The insecticidal activity was evaluated by feeding the ants an artificial diet containing the crude extract or fractions, and the results were analyzed using the log-rank test. The substances were isolated by chromatography, and the molecular structure was determined by spectroscopy. In the bioassay with A. salina, the ethanol extract and dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions were highly toxic. The analysis of survival curves indicated that the mortality rate of A. sexdens rubropilosa workers fed different fractions was higher than that of ants fed the control diet, especially the ethyl acetate fraction, with a mean survival time of 3 days and cumulative mortality of 100% on day 21 (p<0.05). The phytochemical study of this plant species allowed isolating the flavonoid rutin and a mixture of the triterpenes α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and lupeol. These results suggest the insecticidal potential of E. pumila on Atta sexdens rubropilosa.

Keywords:
Phytochemical study; Natural botanical products; Insecticidal activity

LC₅₀ values	Toxicity
<100 mg L^-1	High
100-500 mg L^-1	Moderate
500-1000 mg L^-1	Low
>1000 mg L^-1	Nontoxic

Extract and fractions	CL₅₀ (mg L^-1)	Toxicity
EE	64	High
DF	57	High
EAF	65	High
HF	149	Moderate
MF	1618	None

Treatment	Daily cumulative mortality (%)										MS*
	1	2	3	6	8	10	14	17	21	25
Pure diet	0	0	2	2	8	22	42	44	44	48	>25a
Ethanol extract (0.2 mg)	0	0	0	2	10	16	24	28	38	44	25a
Ethanol extract (1.0 mg)	0	2	6	10	16	18	42	50	64	68	17b
Ethanol extract (2.0 mg)	0	2	8	36	64	74	86	86	86	88	7b

Treatment	Daily cumulative mortality (%)										MS*
	1	2	3	6	8	10	14	17	21	25
Pure diet	0	0	2	2	8	22	42	44	44	48	>25a
Hexane extract (0.2 mg)	0	0	4	8	10	20	32	32	52	56	21b
Hexane extract (1.0 mg)	2	6	12	36	54	76	80	82	92	92	8b
Hexane extract (2.0 mg)	2	2	2	8	22	28	36	44	68	70	19b

Treatment	Daily cumulative mortality (%)										MS*
	1	2	3	6	8	10	14	17	21	25
Pure diet	0	0	2	2	8	22	42	44	44	48	>25a
Dichloromethane fraction (0.2 mg)	0	2	2	10	10	14	48	54	60	66	15b
Dichloromethane fraction (1.0 mg)	8	28	32	64	66	70	80	86	86	86	6b
Dichloromethane fraction (2.0 mg)	4	6	10	22	26	30	50	60	70	80	14b

Treatment	Daily cumulative mortality (%)										MS*
	1	2	3	6	8	10	14	17	21	25
Pure diet	0	0	2	2	8	22	42	44	44	48	>25a
Ethyl acetate fraction (0.2 mg)	6	8	10	30	36	50	76	78	80	82	10b
Ethyl acetate fraction (1.0 mg)	8	26	40	68	74	74	80	84	86	88	4b
Ethyl acetate fraction (2.0 mg)	0	44	76	96	96	96	96	96	100	100	3b

Treatment	Daily cumulative mortality (%)										MS*
	1	2	3	6	8	10	14	17	21	25
Pure diet	0	0	2	2	8	22	42	44	44	48	>25a
Methanol fraction (0.2 mg)	4	4	8	16	24	36	58	60	62	64	13b
Methanol fraction (1.0 mg)	22	48	54	70	78	86	90	90	92	92	3b
Methanol fraction (2.0 mg)	20	64	76	84	86	86	90	90	92	98	2b

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[1] * Corresponding author: geane.k.duarte@gmail.com.

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TOXICITY OF Esenbeckia pumila Pohl (Rutaceae) ON Artemia salina AND Atta sexdens rubropilosa1 1 Paper extracted from the masters dissertation of the first author.

POTENCIAL TÓXICO DE Esenbeckia pumila Pohl (Rutaceae) SOBRE Artemia salina E Atta sexdens rubropilosa

ABSTRACT

TOXICITY OF Esenbeckia pumila Pohl (Rutaceae) ON Artemia salina AND Atta sexdens rubropilosa¹ 1 Paper extracted from the masters dissertation of the first author.