SOIL CHANGES AND YIELD OF MAIZE FERTILIZED WITH SWINE WASTEWATER

Lima, Carlos José Gonçalves de Souza; Pereira, Laércio da Silva; Santos, Theuldes Oldenrique da Silva; Pinto, Samia Natacia; Rodrigues, Artenisa Cerqueira; Nunes, Luís Alfredo Pinheiro Leal

doi:10.1590/1983-21252019v32n117rc

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Agronomia • Rev. Caatinga 32 (01) • Jan-Mar 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n117rc copy

SOIL CHANGES AND YIELD OF MAIZE FERTILIZED WITH SWINE WASTEWATER¹ 1 Paper extracted from the master dissertation of the fourth author.

ALTERAÇÕES NO SOLO E PRODUTIVIDADE DE MILHO-VERDE ADUBADO COM ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA DA SUINOCULTURA

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Swine wastewater can be used as a biofertilizer and promote significant improvements in soil physical-chemical attributes and yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of swine wastewater application on soil and maize yield. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Piauí, in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, from August to November 2015. The experimental design used completely randomized blocks in split-plot scheme, with five doses of swine wastewater (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 m³ ha^-1) in the plots and two soil depths (0.20 and 0.40 m) in the subplots, with four replications. Exchangeable contents of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium, electrical conductivity, pH, sum of bases, base saturation, potential acidity and cation exchange capacity, and crop yield were evaluated. Results showed calcium, magnesium, sum of bases and cation exchange capacity increased with elevated levels of swine wastewater. Potassium and sodium contents however decreased with doses of 51.58 and 52.28 m³ ha^-1, respectively. Except for potassium and potential acidity, variables showed higher values at the 0-0.20 m depth.

Keywords:
Organic waste; Soil attributes; Zea mays

Chemical attributes	Depth (m)
	0-0.20	0.20-0.40
pH	6.49	6.53
Magnesium (cmol_c dm^-3)	0.76	0.73
Potassium (cmol_c dm^-3)	0.24	0.29
Phosphorus (mg dm^-3)	22.16	22.10
Calcium (cmol_c dm^-3)	2.27	2.19
Sodium (cmol_c dm^-3)	0.06	0.05
H+Al (cmol_c dm^-3)	1.02	1.06
Organic matter (g dm^-3)	4.91	3.20
CEC (cmol_c dm^-3)	3.32	3.26
Base saturation (%)	76.22	75.39
Physical attributes
Sand (g kg^-1)	840	790
Silt (g kg^-1)	90	130
Clay (g kg^-1)	70	80
Bulk density (g cm^-3)	1.56	1.52
Available water (cm³ cm^-3)	0.18	0.19

Physical-chemical composition
N (g dm^-3)	2.04
P₂O₅ (g dm^-3)	1.14
K₂O (g dm^-3)	1.20
Ca (g dm^-3)	0.56
Mg (g dm^-3)	0.21
S (g dm^-3)	0.16
Cu (g dm^-3)	0.01
Zn (g dm^-3)	0.01
Fe (g dm^-3)	0.05
Mn (g dm^-3)	0.01
pH	5.38
Density (g mL^-1)	1.02
Moisture (%)	98.00
Organic carbon (%)	7.20
C/N ratio	3.70
Organic matter (%)	1.30
Electrical conductivity (mS cm^-1)	10.78

Source of variation	Ca	Mg	K	Na	P	pH
	Mean squares
Block	0.065^ns	0.007^ns	0.018^ns	0.002^*	175.315^ns	0.102^ns
Dose	0.484^*	0.053^*	0.183^**	0.017^**	58.213^ns	0.192^ns
Error I	0.127	0.014	0.013	0.0008	68.637	0.259
Depth	1.820^**	0.202^**	0.004^ns	0.013^**	224.150^**	3.295^**
Dose*Depth	0.012^ns	0.001^ns	0.008^ns	0.001	10.863^ns	0.038^ns
Error II	0.120	0.013	0.004	0.0009	17.432	0.018
Overall mean	2.260	0.753	0.259	0.124	19.372	7.445
CV I (%)	15.820	15.820	45.430	21.30	42.760	6.840
CV II (%)	15.350	15.360	26.560	25.31	21.550	1.840
Source of variation	H+Al	SB	EC	CEC T	CEC t	V
	Mean squares
Block	0.001^ns	0.219^ns	0.003^ns	0.203^ns	0.219^ns	6.429^ns
Dose	0.012^ns	1.202^*	0.005^ns	1.415^*	1.185^*	13.997^ns
Error I	0.007	0.288	0.006	0.319	0.288	5.544
Depth	0.011^ns	3.420^**	0.050^**	3.027^**	3.452^**	115.861^**
Dose*Depth	0.004^ns	0.056^ns	0.0007^ns	0.063^ns	0.057^ns	1.388^ns
Error II	0.003	0.203	0.001	0.232	0.203	3.120
Overall mean	0.812	3.398	0.375	4.210	3.399	8.035
CV I (%)	10.930	15.790	20.740	13.430	15.800	2.930
CV II (%)	7.480	13.270	9.470	11.440	13.270	2.200

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E-mail: caatinga@ufersa.edu.br

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[1] * Corresponding author: carloslima@ufpi.edu.br

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SOIL CHANGES AND YIELD OF MAIZE FERTILIZED WITH SWINE WASTEWATER1 1 Paper extracted from the master dissertation of the fourth author.

ALTERAÇÕES NO SOLO E PRODUTIVIDADE DE MILHO-VERDE ADUBADO COM ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA DA SUINOCULTURA

ABSTRACT

SOIL CHANGES AND YIELD OF MAIZE FERTILIZED WITH SWINE WASTEWATER¹ 1 Paper extracted from the master dissertation of the fourth author.