SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN BANANA CROPS FERTIGATED WITH TREATED WASTEWATER

Alves, Pablo Fernando Santos; Santos, Silvânio Rodrigues dos; Kondo, Marcos Koiti; Pegoraro, Rodinei Facco; Portugal, Arley Figueiredo

doi:10.1590/1983-21252019v32n123rc

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Engenharia Agrícola • Rev. Caatinga 32 (01) • Jan-Mar 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n123rc copy

SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN BANANA CROPS FERTIGATED WITH TREATED WASTEWATER¹ 1 Paper extracted from the master dissertation of the first author.

ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DO SOLO EM BANANAL FERTIRRIGADO COM ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA SANITÁRIA TRATADA

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Determining the effects of using wastewater as fertilizer on soil chemical properties allows a safe reuse of this effluent in agriculture. This study evaluated the effects of fertigation with tertiary treated wastewater (TTW) from the Janaúba sewage treatment plant on chemical properties of a Latosol (Oxisol) with banana crops of the Prata-Anã cultivar in the semiarid region of Brazil. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used to test four TTW rates (70%, 130%, 170%, and 200% of the limit of 150 kg ha^-1 year^-1 of Na that can be applied to the soil) and compare them to a control without TTW. Soil samples from the 0.0-0.2, 0.2-0.4, 0.4-0.6, and 0.6-0.8 m layers were collected at the end of the first crop cycle to evaluate soil chemical properties-pH, soil organic matter (SOM), P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, potential acidity (H+Al), base saturation, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, remaining P, and electrical conductivity (EC). The use of TTW increases soil pH and decreases exchangeable Al content, thus, reduces the need for liming. However, Na contents increased faster than EC in the soil, indicating that the use of TTW tends to alter soil physical properties over time. The use of TTW had no effect on the soil OM, P, Ca, Mg, and micronutrients contents, potential acidity, and base saturation. The changes in soil chemical attributes observed at the end of the first crop cycle were not limiting to the banana crop.

Keywords:
Water reuse; Sewage; Effluent; Sodium; Plant nutrition

Layer	SD	PD	TP	VCS	CS	MS	FS	VFS	TS	Silt	Clay
(m)	g cm^-3		m³ m^-3	-----g kg^-1-----
0 - 0.2	1.77	2.58	0.31	20	85	150	180	86	521	185	294
0.2 - 0.4	1.66	2.54	0.34	20	75	143	177	79	494	172	334
0.4 - 0.6	1.57	2.53	0.37	19	67	126	153	75	441	157	403
0.6 - 0.8	1.52	2.62	0.42	19	62	109	144	78	411	210	379
Layer	pH	¹OM	²P	²K	²Na	³Ca	³Mg	³Al	⁴H+Al	⁵SB	⁶CEC
(m)	(H₂O)	dag kg^-1	mg dm^-3		---cmol_c dm^-3---
0 - 0.2	6.2	1.3	2.3	260	0.1	2.8	0.9	0	2.2	4.5	6.7
0.2 - 0.4	5.5	0.7	2.0	140	0.1	2.2	0.7	0	2.2	3.4	5.6
Layer	⁷BS	⁸m	⁹B	²Cu	²Fe	²Mn	²Zn	¹⁰P-rem	¹¹EC
(m)	----%---		---mg dm^-3---					mg L^-1	dS m^-1
0 - 0.2	67	0	0.3	1.0	23.7	10.8	0.8	35.2	0.3
0.2 - 0.4	61	0	0.4	0.9	24.8	3.9	0.4	30.6	0.2

Component of TTW	Unit	mean	standard deviation
TN	mg L^-1	47.6	±	86.364
AN	mg L^-1	35.7	±	96.572
NN	mg L^-1	1.08	±	17.207
ON	mg L^-1	10.82	±	80.942
K	mg L^-1	33.939	±	111.534
Na	mg L^-1	84.369	±	194.586
P	mg L^-1	8.218	±	16.438
Zn^*	mg L^-1	0.088	±	0.0601
Cu	mg L^-1	0.008	±	0.0011
Fe	mg L^-1	0.68	±	0.2875
Mn	mg L^-1	0.1	±	0.0102
B	mg L^-1	0.023	±	0.0084
Cl^-	mg L^-1	130.6	±	282.479
Co	mg L^-1	0.001	±	0.0086
Ca	mg L^-1	19.134	±	49.072
Mg^*	mg L^-1	7.963	±	37.786
EC	dS m^-1	1.128	±	0.1619
COD	mg L^-1	174.8	±	351.715
BOD	mg L^-1	58.88	±	168.785
OG	mg L^-1	11.0	±	41.227
pH		7.604	±	0.2467
TSS	mg L^-1	70.2	±	338.934
TC	CFU (100 mL)^-1	5.01E+06	±	4.32E+06
E. coli	MPN (100 mL)^-1	9.60E+03	±	3.16E+05

Treat.		TTW			Rainfall			CWD		Total
	----------------------------mm----------------------------
Control		0			432.8			2205.2		2638
70		127.1			432.8			2078.1		2638
130		252.7			432.8			1952.5		2638
170		312.5			432.8			1892.7		2638
200		373.4			432.8			1831.8		2638
Treat.	Nutrients added to the soil (kg ha^-1)
	TN			P₂O₅			K₂O			Na
	MF	TTW	Sum	MF	TTW	Sum	MF	TTW	Sum	TTW	Sum
Control	226.2	0.0	226.2	200.0	0.0	200.0	253.3	0.0	253.3	0.0	0.0
70	143.3	86.6	229.9	200.0	27.5	227.5	198.2	58.1	256.3	103.8	103.8
130	120.8	114.2	235.0	200.0	55.0	255.0	143.7	115.6	259.3	206.5	206.5
170	109.8	127.6	237.4	200.0	67.8	267.8	117.2	142.5	259.7	255.2	255.2
200	98.5	141.0	239.5	200.0	81.3	281.3	90.2	170.3	260.5	304.8	304.8

Treat.	0-0.2 m
		dag kg^-1	mg dm^-3		-----cmol_c dm^-3-----
	pH	SOM	P	K	Na	Ca	Mg	Al	H+Al
70	5.55	1.60	3.83	46.00*	0.20*	2.90	0.90	0.03	2.40
130	6.00*	1.30	2.83	48.75*	0.28*	2.60	0.85	0.03	2.28
170	5.85	1.40	3.73	69.25	0.25*	2.68	0.90	0.03	2.18
200	5.90*	1.83	3.20	50.25*	0.28*	2.75	0.83	0.03	2.23
Control	5.40	1.73	3.18	86.75	0.10	2.55	0.93	0.05	2.38
	BS	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	P_rem	EC
	%	-----mg dm^-3-----					mg L^-1	dS m^-1
70	62.50	0.28	0.88	25.05	21.63	1.38	36.95	0.43
130	62.75	0.28	1.13	24.13	25.13	1.20	34.73	0.50*
170	64.00	0.30	1.13	23.50	26.78	1.38	36.68	0.68*
200	64.00	0.30	0.98	24.98	28.80	1.48	35.38	0.63*
Control	61.50	0.28	1.05	29.78	25.98	1.38	35.45	0.35
	0.2-0.4 m
	pH	SOM	P	K	Na	Ca	Mg	Al	H+Al
		dag kg^-1	mg dm^-3		-----cmol_c dm^-3-----
70	5.65*	0.83	2.25	43.50	0.20*	2.15	0.60	0.15	2.23
130	5.60	0.93	2.63	44.50	0.28*	1.98	0.55	0.18	2.43
170	5.75*	0.85	1.78	63.00	0.28*	1.93	0.58	0.13	2.38
200	5.83*	1.03	2.48	61.00	0.25*	1.88	0.60	0.10	2.40
Control	5.18	0.85	2.40	73.25	0.10	1.95	0.58	0.23	2.33
	BS	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	P_rem	EC
	%	-----mg dm^-3-----					mg L^-1	dS m^-1
70	57.75	0.30	0.83	15.43	6.78	0.65	34.63	0.28
130	54.50	0.25	0.98	16.38	12.25	0.73	31.10	0.40
170	55.00	0.35	1.08	15.80	11.53	0.70	33.33	0.45*
200	54.50	0.30	0.85	17.45	11.03	0.68	34.13	0.48*
Control	55.50	0.28	0.98	18.65	8.63	0.68	32.95	0.23
	0.4-0.6 m
	pH	SOM	P	K	Na	Ca	Mg	Al	H+Al
		dag kg^-1	mg dm^-3		cmol_c dm^-3
70	5.15	0.58	2.80	63.75	0.18*	1.95	0.58	0.35	2.68
130	5.10	0.55	1.80	48.50	0.18*	2.10	0.65	0.25	2.78
170	5.48	0.55	2.58	68.00	0.20*	2.05	0.60	0.28	2.38
200	5.33	0.60	2.38	59.25	0.20*	2.08	0.60	0.23	2.80
Control	5.05	0.60	2.08	63.75	0.10	1.90	0.55	0.45	3.03
	BS	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	P_rem	EC
	%	-----mg dm^-3-----					mg L^-1	dS m^-1
70	51.50	0.30	0.90	15.33	3.50	0.53	26.95	0.30
130	53.50	0.33	1.00	14.78	7.43	0.58	26.38	0.53*
170	55.75	0.30	1.10	15.73	5.85	0.55	25.78	0.33
200	51.50	0.35	0.95	15.88	4.73	0.60	25.35	0.43*
Control	49.25	0.23	1.03	16.60	4.90	0.65	26.93	0.20
	0.6-0.8 m
	pH	SOM	P	K	Na	Ca	Mg	Al	H+Al
		dag kg^-1	mg dm^-3		cmol_c dm^-3
70	5.05	0.33	2.73	52.75	0.13	1.90	0.53	0.40	2.85
130	5.08	0.45	1.98	45.25	0.15	2.23	0.75	0.23	2.53
170	5.38	0.35	1.78	54.25	0.15	1.95	0.60	0.33	2.75
200	5.08	0.50	1.90	47.00	0.13	1.90	0.55	0.38	2.88
Control	5.03	0.35	2.03	60.75	0.10	1.78	0.53	0.60	3.03
	BS	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	P_rem	EC
	%	-----mg dm^-3-----					mg L^-1	dS m^-1
70	48.75	0.33	0.93	16.40	3.20	0.58	23.45	0.28
130	56.00	0.33	1.08	13.93	5.30	0.78	22.50	0.35
170	50.75	0.33	1.15	16.80	4.60	0.53	22.63	0.25
200	49.25	0.30	0.90	13.25	2.88	0.50	21.93	0.35
Control	45.50	0.28	1.00	12.55	4.23	0.65	22.68	0.23

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[1] *Corresponding author: silvanio.santos@unimontes.br

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SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN BANANA CROPS FERTIGATED WITH TREATED WASTEWATER1 1 Paper extracted from the master dissertation of the first author.

ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DO SOLO EM BANANAL FERTIRRIGADO COM ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA SANITÁRIA TRATADA

ABSTRACT

SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN BANANA CROPS FERTIGATED WITH TREATED WASTEWATER¹ 1 Paper extracted from the master dissertation of the first author.