CELL DAMAGE, WATER STATUS AND GAS EXCHANGES IN CASTOR BEAN AS AFFECTED BY CATIONIC COMPOSITION OF WATER

LIMA, GEOVANI SOARES DE; GHEYI, HANS RAJ; NOBRE, REGINALDO GOMES; SOARES, LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS; SANTOS, JOÃO BATISTA DOS

doi:10.1590/1983-21252019v32n221rc

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Engenharia Agrícola • Rev. Caatinga 32 (2) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n221rc copy

CELL DAMAGE, WATER STATUS AND GAS EXCHANGES IN CASTOR BEAN AS AFFECTED BY CATIONIC COMPOSITION OF WATER¹ 1 Paper extracted from the postdoctoral research of the first author.

DANO CELULAR, STATUS HÍDRICO E TROCAS GASOSAS NA MAMONEIRA SOB NATUREZA CATIÔNICA DA ÁGUA

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Castor bean is an oilseed crop which is able to adapt to various edaphoclimatic conditions and has considerable contents of oil in its seeds, with potential for use in the castor oil industry. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate changes in membrane damage, water status and gas exchanges in castor bean plants (cv. ‘BRS Energia’) in response to irrigation water salinity and cationic composition. Randomized blocks were used to test six cationic compositions (S₁ - Control; S₂ - Na⁺; S₃ - Ca²⁺; S₄ - Na⁺ + Ca²⁺; S₅ - K⁺ and S₆ - Na⁺ + Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺), in four replicates. Plants in the control treatment were subjected to irrigation using water of low electrical conductivity (S₁ - ECw = 0.6 dS m^-1), whereas those in the other treatments were irrigated using 4.5 dS m^-1 water prepared with different cations. Higher leaf succulence associated with lower water saturation deficit is an indication of tolerance to salt stress in castor bean plants irrigated with K⁺-rich water. The presence of Na⁺ in irrigation water caused the highest water saturation deficit in castor bean leaf blades. The lowest damage in cell membranes was observed in plants irrigated with Ca²⁺-rich water. The damaging effect of salt stress on castor bean gas exchanges depends on the cationic composition of water and occurred in the following order: Na⁺>Na⁺+Ca²⁺>Ca²⁺> Na⁺+Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺>K⁺.

Keywords:
Ricinus communis L; ‘BRS Energia’; Salinity; Irrigation

Chemical characteristics
pH(H₂O)	OM	P	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H⁺	EC_se
(1:2.5)	dag kg^-1	(mg kg^-1)	(cmol_c kg^-1)						(dS m^-1)
5.13	0.34	20.09	0.07	0.05	0.40	1.30	0.04	1.74	0.16
Physical characteristics
Size fraction (g kg^-1)			Textural	Water content (kPa)		AW	Total	BD	PD
Sand	Silt	Clay	class	33.42	1519.5		porosity (m³ m^-3)
				..............	(dag kg^-1)	............		(kg dm^-3)
856.10	110.70	33.20	SL	6.72	1.62	5.10	0.49	1.54	2.72

VS/Contrasts	DF	Mean square
		WSD	%D	SUC
Blocks	3	5.03^ns	11.31^ns	0.005^ns
Cationic composition of water ^#	-5	696.96^**	343.34^**	0.38^*
ŷ₁	1	232.26^*	1139.05^**	0.017^ns
ŷ₂	1	521.45^**	272.70^*	0.053^ns
ŷ₃	1	173.23^*	46.07^ns	0.011^ns
ŷ₄	1	789.12^**	1445.44^**	1.82^**
ŷ₅	1	60.69^*	191.67^*	0.060^ns
Residual	15	28.31	7.80	0.03
CV (%)		17.27	12.00	13.83

Contrasts^#	Mean estimate
	WSD (%)	%D	SUC (g H₂O cm²)
ŷ₁	-18.48	-8.34	ns
ŷ₂	11.67	16.14	ns
ŷ₃	4.15	ns	ns
ŷ₄	21.25	-15.70	-0.75
ŷ₅	-7.73	-4.35	ns

VS/Contrasts	DF	Mean square
		Ci	gs	E	A	CEi	WUEi
Blocks	3	2079.61^ns	0.002^ns	0.08^ns	4.00^ns	0.0002^ns	0.02^ns
Cationic composition of water^#	-5	15022.66^*	0.23^**	1.81^*	121.12^**	0.003^**	21.88^*
ŷ₁	1	14740.83^*	0.69^**	7.19^**	314.02^**	0.005^*	27.41^*
ŷ₂	1	5408.00^ns	0.0002^ns	0.0006^ns	1.86^ns	0.000002^ns	1.49^ns
ŷ₃	1	4004.16^ns	0.0004^ns	0.09^ns	0.03^ns	0.00001^ns	0.05^ns
ŷ₄	1	42320.00^*	0.50^**	1.75^*	254.61^*	0.009^**	59.44^*
ŷ₅	1	1487.81^ns	0.03^*	0.28^ns	3.04^ns	0.00001^ns	6.31^ns
Residual	15	3004.77	0.005	0.18	12.23	0.0002	4.23
CV (%)		18.91	16.91	14.65	15.18	13.04	15.68

Contrasts^#	Mean estimate
	gs	E	A	Ci	CEi	WUEi
ŷ₁	0.45	1.46	9.70	-66.50	0.041	2.86
ŷ₂	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
ŷ₃	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
ŷ₄	-0.39	-0.74	-8.92	115.00	-0.054	-4.31
ŷ₅	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

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[1] ^* Corresponding author: geovani.soares@pq.cnpq.br

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CELL DAMAGE, WATER STATUS AND GAS EXCHANGES IN CASTOR BEAN AS AFFECTED BY CATIONIC COMPOSITION OF WATER1 1 Paper extracted from the postdoctoral research of the first author.

DANO CELULAR, STATUS HÍDRICO E TROCAS GASOSAS NA MAMONEIRA SOB NATUREZA CATIÔNICA DA ÁGUA

ABSTRACT

CELL DAMAGE, WATER STATUS AND GAS EXCHANGES IN CASTOR BEAN AS AFFECTED BY CATIONIC COMPOSITION OF WATER¹ 1 Paper extracted from the postdoctoral research of the first author.