Growth suppression of sandspur grass by cover crops<sup>1</sup>

Silva, Rodrigo Fonseca da; Pacheco, Leandro Pereira; Soares, Leandro dos Santos; Fonseca, Wéverson Lima; Oliveira, João Batista da Silva; Santos, Adaniel Sousa dos

doi:10.1590/1983-40632015v4534680

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Plant Protection • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 45 (3) • Sept 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632015v4534680 copy

Growth suppression of sandspur grass by cover crops¹

Supressão ao desenvolvimento de capim timbête com plantas de cobertura

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Sandspur grass has hindered the integrated weed management in the Brazilian crop systems. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of biomass levels of different cover crops on the soil surface to control the sandspur grass. A complete randomized blocks design with four replications, in a 6 x 5 + 1 factorial arrangement, was used. The first factor consisted of six cover crops (Pennisetum glaucum-ADR 7010 and ADR 300 cultivars, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Urochloa ruziziensis, Fagopyrum tataricum and Crambe abyssinica) and the second one consisted of five biomass levels of each species (2 t ha^-1, 4 t ha^-1, 8 t ha^-1, 12 t ha^-1 and 16 t ha^-1), plus a control treatment without soil cover. The variables analyzed were the total number of emerged plants, germination speed index, leaf area, root volume and shoot and root dry biomass. U. ruziziensis excelled in the suppression of C. echinatus growth by reducing the number of emerged plants, emergence speed index, shoot and root dry biomass, root volume and leaf area.

KEY-WORDS:
Cenchrus echinatus L.; allelopathy; weed

Source of variation	TNEP	GSI	LA	RDB	SDB	RV
Cover crop (CC)	9 77^ Significant at 1 %.	9.37^ Significant at 1 %.	17.47^ Significant at 1 %.	15.72^ Significant at 1 %.	8.16^ Significant at 1 %.	22.34^ Significant at 1 %.
Straw level (SL)	33.13^ Significant at 1 %.	42.42^ Significant at 1 %.	97.37^ Significant at 1 %.	27.70^ Significant at 1 %.	19.47^ Significant at 1 %.	62.34^ Significant at 1 %.
CC x SL	3.66^ Significant at 1 %.	4.05^ Significant at 1 %.	8.037^ Significant at 1 %.	7.84^ Significant at 1 %.	5.35^ Significant at 1 %.	15.67^ Significant at 1 %.
CV (%)	23.79	28.53	16.65	28.18	26.92	21.04

Treatments	Equivalent amounts of straw (t ha^-1)
Cover crop	0	2	4	8	12	16
	Total number of emerged plants per pot
Penissetum glaucum cv ADR 7010	13.66 A¹ 1 Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ significantly by the Tukey test at 1 %.	10.66 A	9.33 A	8.33 B	7.00 B	5.66 B
Crotalaria ochroleuca	13.66 A	9.33 A	9.33 A	9.26 B	7.33 B	5.66 B
Urochloa ruziziensis	13.66 A	9.00 A	5.33 A	4.33 A	3.00 A	1.66 A
Fagopyrum tataricum	13.66 A	9.33 A	9.30 B	9.30 B	8.66 B	7.00 B
Penissetum glaucum cv ADR300	13.66 A	10.00 A	9.33 B	8.33 B	7.00 B	5.00 B
Crambe abyssinica	13.66 A	9.33 A	9.00 B	8.33 B	7.66 B	6.66 B
	Germination speed index
Penissetum glaucum cv ADR 7010	3.02 A	2.20 A	1.94 B	1.43 A	1.29 A	1.05 AB
Crotalaria ochroleuca	3.02 A	1.80 A	1.55 AB	1.44 A	0.82 A	0.61 A
Urochloa ruziziensis	3.02 A	1.92 A	1.33 A	1.23 A	1.21 A	0.05 A
Fagopyrum tataricum	3.02 A	2.79 A	2.52 B	2.41 B	2.07 B	1.52 B
Penissetum glaucum cv ADR 300	3.02 A	2.92 A	2.39 B	1.52 A	1.27 A	1.01 AB
Crambe abyssinica	3.02 A	2.36 A	1.71 AB	1.62 A	1.22 A	1.02 AB

Treatments	Equivalent amounts of straw (t ha^-1)
Cover crop	0	2	4	8	12	16
	Shoot dry biomass (g pot^-1)
Penissetum glaucum cv ADR 7010	6.61 A¹ 1 Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ significantly by the Tukey test at 1 %.	6.10 B	4.45 AB	3.45 B	3.10 B	3.00 B
Crotalaria ochroleuca	6.61 A	5.00 AB	4.00 AB	3.80 B	3.33 B	3.01 B
Urochloa ruziziensis	6.61 A	4.00 A	3.00 A	1.80 A	1.10 A	0.90 A
Fagopyrum tataricum	6.61 A	6.10 B	5.10 B	5.10 C	5.00 B	3.90 B
Penissetum glaucum cv ADR300	6.61 A	6.02 B	5.00 B	4.80 C	3.32 B	2.95 B
Crambe abyssinica	6.61 A	5.00 AB	4.97 B	4.88 C	4.00 B	3.00 B
	Leaf area (cm² pot^-1)
Penissetum glaucum cv ADR 7010	1,101.1 A	703.8 B	538.8 B	384.6 B	351.3 B	345.7 C
Crotalaria ochroleuca	1,101.1 A	556.6 A	556.5 B	450.5 B	411.4 B	393.9 C
Urochloa ruziziensis	1,101.1 A	643.5 AB	228.5 A	99.2 A	74.7 A	33.1 A
Fagopyrum tataricum	1,101.1 A	875.7 B	752.9 C	763.8 C	605.6 C	386.5 C
Penissetum glaucum cv ADR300	1,101.1 A	823.0 B	643.7 C	427.5 B	282.0 AB	137.5 B
Crambe abyssinica	1,101.1 A	746.6 B	738.3 C	663.5 C	553.3 C	411.6 C

Treatments	Equivalent amounts of straw (t ha^-1)
Cover crop	0	2	4	8	12	16
	Root volume (cm³ pot^-1)
Penissetum glaucum cv ADR 7010	53.00 A¹ 1 Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ significantly by the Tukey test at 1 %.	28.66 A	26.33 A	24.00 B	23.66 B	18.00 B
Crotalaria ochroleuca	53.00 A	26.00 A	22.66 A	21.66 B	20.66 B	18.23 B
Urochloa ruziziensis	53.00 A	30.00 A	26.66 A	11.33 A	2.33 A	2.00 A
Fagopyrum tataricum	53.00 A	43.33 B	39.33 B	37.33 C	33.66 B	27.00 C
Penissetum glaucum cv ADR300	53.00 A	41.33 B	40.00 B	36.66 C	32.00 B	13.33 B
Crambe abyssinica	53.00 A	45.33 B	43.33 B	36.66 C	29.33 B	26.33 C
	Root dry biomass (g pot^-1)
Penissetum glaucum cv ADR 7010	4.40 A	3.10 AB	2.70 A	2.50 B	2.10 B	2.00 B
Crotalaria ochroleuca	4.40 A	4.00 B	2.60 A	2.50 B	2.20 B	2.00 B
Urochloa ruziziensis	4.40 A	2.10 A	2.00 A	1.00 A	1.00 A	0.80 A
Fagopyrum tataricum	4.40 A	3.20 AB	3.00 A	3.00 B	2.80 B	2.70 B
Penissetum glaucum cv ADR300	4.40 A	4.30 B	2.90 A	2.90 B	2.20 B	1.40 B
Crambe abyssinica	4.40 A	4.40 B	3.00 A	2.80 B	2.50 B	2.20 B

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[TFN01] ^**
Significant at 1 %.

Source of variation	TNEP	GSI	LA	RDB	SDB	RV
Cover crop (CC)	9 77^ Significant at 1 %.	9.37^ Significant at 1 %.	17.47^ Significant at 1 %.	15.72^ Significant at 1 %.	8.16^ Significant at 1 %.	22.34^ Significant at 1 %.
Straw level (SL)	33.13^ Significant at 1 %.	42.42^ Significant at 1 %.	97.37^ Significant at 1 %.	27.70^ Significant at 1 %.	19.47^ Significant at 1 %.	62.34^ Significant at 1 %.
CC x SL	3.66^ Significant at 1 %.	4.05^ Significant at 1 %.	8.037^ Significant at 1 %.	7.84^ Significant at 1 %.	5.35^ Significant at 1 %.	15.67^ Significant at 1 %.
CV (%)	23.79	28.53	16.65	28.18	26.92	21.04

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Growth suppression of sandspur grass by cover crops1

Supressão ao desenvolvimento de capim timbête com plantas de cobertura

ABSTRACT

Growth suppression of sandspur grass by cover crops¹