Physiological, phenometric and productive changes in soybean crop due to the use of kinetin

Soares, Luís Henrique; Dourado, Durval; Fagan, Evandro Binotto; Teixeira, Walquíria Fernanda; Pereira, Isabella Sabrina

doi:10.1590/1983-40632016v4742790

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 47 (1) • Jan-Mar 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4742790 copy

Physiological, phenometric and productive changes in soybean crop due to the use of kinetin

Alterações fisiológicas, fenométricas e produtiva na cultura da soja devido ao uso de cinetina

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

A fast growth in the use of substances that increase soybean yield through physiological or morphological changes, such as cytokinin, has taken place in recent years. This study aimed at assessing the effect of the application time of cytokinin as kinetin on soybean crops. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, using four treatments (control and kinetin at the vegetative stages V₄, V₆ and V₄ + V₆), with five replications, in completely randomized blocks. Physiological (nitrate reductase and peroxidase activity, H₂O₂ content and lipid peroxidation) and phenometric parameters (leaf and root dry mass), as well as yield, were evaluated. The application of kinetin at V₄, V₆ or V₄ + V₆ increased the activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme and reduced stress (evaluated via lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide content), in addition to raising the dry matter content. All these characteristics resulted in increased yield. However, the most significant effects were caused by the application of kinetin at V₆, which increased yield in 20 %, in relation to the control.

KEYWORDS:
Glycine max (L.) Merrill; cytokinin; nitrate reductase; peroxidase

pH	P-Mel	Rem-P	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H + Al
(H₂O)	^{_______________________} mg dm^-3 ^{_______________________}			^{___________________________________} cmol_c dm^-3 ^{___________________________________}
5.60	10.23	4.94	85.70	2.94	0.56	0.02	1.30
BS	t		T	V	m		OM
^{__________________________________} cmol_c dm^-3 ^{__________________________________}				^{_______________________} % ^{_______________________}			dag kg^-1
3.72	3.74		5.02	74.11	0.53		3.12

Treatment	Nitrate reductase activity
	39 DAS	53 DAS
	^_____ µg [N-NO₂] g^-1 [fresh mass] h^-1 ^_____
Control	0.68 b⁽¹⁾ (1) Means followed by the same letter in the rows do not differ according to the Tukey test (p < 0.05);	0.66 d
Kinetin (V₄)	0.69 b	1.17 a
Kinetin (V₆)	0.44 c	0.86 c
Kinetin (V₄ + V₆)	0.79 a	1.01 b
MSD⁽²⁾ (2) MSD = minimum significant difference.	0.09	0.04
CV (%)	7.16	4.12

Treatment	Peroxidase	Hydrogen peroxide	Lipid peroxidation
Treatment	µmol [purpurogallin] min^-1 mg^-1 [protein]	µmol g^-1 [fresh mass]	nmol [TBARS] g^-1 [fresh mass]
Control	0.114 b⁽¹⁾ (1) Means followed by the same letter in the rows do not differ according to the Tukey test (p < 0.05);	87.1 a	108.1 ab
Kinetin (V₄)	0.163 a	69.4 b	104.2 ab
Kinetin (V₆)	0.180 a	66.1 c	101.2 b
Kinetin (V₄ + V₆)	0.125 b	57.8 d	111.8 a
MSD⁽²⁾ (2) MSD = minimum significant difference.	0.03	3.17	7.56
CV (%)	9.82	2.41	3.79

Treatment	Root dry mass
	40 DAS	67 DAS	91 DAS
	^{________________} g plant^-1 ^{_________________}
Control	0.49 b⁽¹⁾ (1) Means followed by the same letter in the rows do not differ according to the Tukey test (p < 0.05);	1.54 b	0.93 c
Kinetin (V₄)	0.75 a	1.54 b	0.99 bc
Kinetin (V₆)	0.72 a	1.91 a	1.08 ab
Kinetin (V₄ + V₆)	0.74 a	1.13 c	1.14 a
MSD⁽²⁾ (2) MSD = minimum significant difference.	0.10	0.08	0.11
CV (%)	8.12	5.77	7.73

Treatment	Leaf dry mass
	40 DAS	67 DAS	91 DAS
	^{____________________} g plant^-1 ^{____________________}
Control	2.11 b⁽¹⁾ (1) Means followed by the same letter in the rows do not differ according to the Tukey test (p < 0.05);	5.15 b	3.03 a
Kinetin (V₄)	2.30 a	4.59 b	3.16 a
Kinetin (V₆)	2.37 a	6.13 a	3.96 a
Kinetin (V₄ + V₆)	2.39 a	4.62 b	3.12 a
MSD⁽²⁾ (2) MSD = minimum significant difference.	0.12	0.96	0.36
CV (%)	5.75	10.0	6.20

Treatment	Yield
Treatment	____________ kg ha^-1 ____________
Control	3,540.6 b⁽¹⁾ (1) Means followed by the same letter do not differ according to the Tukey test (p < 0.05);
Kinetin (V₄)	4,124.3 a
Kinetin (V₆)	4,247.4 a
Kinetin (V₄ + V₆)	4,042.1 a
MSD⁽²⁾ (2) MSD = minimum significant difference.	217.7
CV (%)	5.91

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[TFN1] Extractors: K and P-assimilable by Mehlich-1; remaining P in 10 mmol L^-1 of a CaCl₂ solution; exchangeable Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ content extracted by KCl; potential acidity by calcium acetate; and total organic matter by titration.