Root growth and yield of sugarcane as a function of increasing gypsum doses

Clemente, Paulo Ricardo Aprígio; Bezerra, Breno Kennedy Lima; Silva, Vinicius Santos Gomes da; Santos, Jhulyanne Christiny Marcelino dos; Endres, Laurício

doi:10.1590/1983-40632016v4742563

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 47 (1) • Jan-Mar 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4742563 copy

Root growth and yield of sugarcane as a function of increasing gypsum doses

Crescimento radicular e produção de cana-de-açúcar em função de doses crescentes de gesso

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Sugarcane plays an important role in the Brazilian agribusiness. However, poor rainfall distribution and soil acidity directly affect its production in the Northeast Brazil. Gypsum improves the soil physical and chemical properties, attenuating the effects of water stress and acidity in the edaphic environment. This study aimed at determining the effect of gypsum doses on sugarcane growth and yield. A field experiment was conducted using a 3 x 5 factorial arrangement organized in a randomized block design, with four replications. Treatments consisted of a combination of three sugarcane varieties (RB011941, RB92579 and RB991536) with five gypsum doses (0 Mg ha^-1, 2.5 Mg ha^-1, 5.0 Mg ha^-1, 10.0 Mg ha^-1 and 20.0 Mg ha^-1). RB92579 exhibited the highest stalk (157.90 Mg ha^-1) and sugar (24.10 Mg ha^-1) yield. Gypsum did not influence the sugarcane yield or plant growth in the vegetative growth stage, but, in the maturation phase, the leaf area declined and the number of shoots increased with the rise in gypsum doses. Applying gypsum increased the roots density along the soil profile, with a rise of around 1.10 g dm^-3 at the most technically efficient dose (12.5 Mg ha^-1), however, yield was not influenced, maybe due to the effect of high rainfall during the entire crop cycle. Thus, higher gypsum doses are recommended during periods of drought to benefit from the resulting increased root system.

KEYWORDS:
Saccharum spp.; gipsite; root system

Depth	pH	Ca	Mg	K	Al	H + Al	CEC	SB	P	S	Fe	Cu	Mn	Zn	B	V	m	OM
cm	(H₂O)	^{_________________________} cmol_c dm^-3 ^{_________________________}							^{___________________} mg dm^-3 ^{___________________}							^___ % ^___		dag kg^-1
0-20	5.8	2.0	1.4	0.65	0.00	2.0	6.05	4.05	46.6	37	75	3.5	4.4	2.1	0.23	67	0	3.1
20-40	5.1	1.1	0.6	0.34	0.03	2.7	4.74	2.04	38.1	37	74	2.9	1.6	1.2	0.20	43	13	2.4
40-60	4.8	0.9	0.5	0.23	0.60	3.2	4.83	1.63	14.8	36	64	2.1	1.0	0.8	0.18	34	27	2.1

	Height		Diameter		Nº of leaves		Nº of shoots		Leaf area
	116 DAP	395 DAP	116 DAP	395 DAP	116 DAP	395 DAP	116 DAP	395 DAP	116 DAP	395 DAP
Variety (A)	^ns ns not significant;	^* * significant at 5 % by the F-test.	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^* * significant at 5 % by the F-test.	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^* * significant at 5 % by the F-test.
Gypsum (B)	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^* * significant at 5 % by the F-test.	^ns ns not significant;	^* * significant at 5 % by the F-test.
Interaction (A x B)	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;	^ns ns not significant;
Mean	61.2	275.1	2.11	2.98	6.15	4.50	19.36	13.0	353.3	460.4
CV (%)	17.2	10.2	13.10	10.80	10.40	19.60	11.20	8.8	17.8	18.6

Variety	Phenological phase	Height	Diameter	Nº of leaves	Nº of shoots	Leaf area
Variety	Phenological phase	^{________________} cm ^{________________}		Nº of leaves	Nº of shoots	^________ cm² ^________
RB011941		60.00 a^* * Means within the same phenological phase followed by different letters in the column are different at 5 % by the Tukey test.	2.20 a	6.55 a	18.63 a	344.49 a
RB92579	116 DAP	62.20 a	2.15 a	5.90 b	20.14 a	355.75 a
RB991536		61.40 a	2.00 a	6.00 b	18.98 a	359.75 a
RB011941		275.24 ab	2.90 a	4.70 a	13.03 a	424.45 b
RB92579	395 DAP	290.25 a	2.95 a	4.60 a	12.44 a	439.23 b
RB991536		260.00 b	3.10 a	4.20 a	12.90 a	517.55 a

	Mean square
Variety (A)	3,069.90^* * significant at 5 % by the F-test.
Gypsum (B)	145.02^ns ns not significant;
Interaction (A x B)	76.07^ns ns not significant;
Mean	147.21
CV (%)	5.62

Variety	Stalk yield	Sugar yield
Variety	^{___________________} Mg ha^-1 ^{___________________}
RB011941	150.09 b^* * Means followed by different letters in the same column differ at 5 % by the Tukey test.	21.65 b
RB92579	157.90 a	24.10 a
RB991536	133.63 c	23.00 ab

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[TFN1] ^ns
not significant;

[TFN2] ^*
significant at 5 % by the F-test.