3D investigation of steel fiber distribution in reinforced concrete by X-ray microtomography

ABSTRACT

The effects of the inclusion of steel fibers in concrete have been widely studied in order to investigate possible changes in mechanical properties, such as the increase in tensile strength, ductility, stiffness, toughness (energy absorption capacity), and durability. An immediate consequence of this addition is the mitigation of concrete's brittle behavior, so that the material meets new quality requirements. In this context, it is important to study the spatial distribution of the entire internal structure of these materials. Three-dimensional computed microtomography is a non-destructive inspection technique used to characterize the internal structures of various materials based on X-ray interaction with the inspected object. Topological and morphological properties can be obtained directly in three dimensions by means of mathematical reconstruction of the radiographs, which allows analyzing, for example, porosity and distribution of objects. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of steel fibers, as well as of porosity in reinforced concrete samples. To this end, we used a microtomography system calibrated to operate at a voltage of 80 kV, electric current of 100 μA and a pixel size equal to 24 µm. The results showed low porosity and that the steel fibers were not uniformly distributed throughout the sample.

Keywords:
X-ray; steel fibers; microtomography; porosity; concrete