Feline platynosomiasis: analysis of the association of infection levels with pathological and biochemical findings

Ramos, Dirceu Guilherme de Souza; Santos, Amanda Raiza Gonçalves Lima Oliveira; Freitas, Leodil da Costa; Braga, Ísis Assis; Silva, Erica Pereira da; Soares, Luciana Maria Curtio; Antoniassi, Nádia Aline Bobbi; Furlan, Fernando Henrique; Pacheco, Richard de Campos

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612017009

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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 26 (01) • Jan-Mar 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612017009 copy

Feline platynosomiasis: analysis of the association of infection levels with pathological and biochemical findings

Platinossomiase felina: análise da associação dos níveis de infecção com achados patológicos e bioquímicos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Platynosomiasis is a common feline hepatic disease caused by Platynosomum fastosum (Trematoda - Dicrocoelidae), which is also known as ‘lizard poisoning’. Most reports of feline platynosomiasis show that this disease is sporadic and manifests with uncommon lesions; its pathogenicity is still not well understood. This study aimed to describe liver injuries and enzymatic changes associated with natural P. fastosum infection in 47 stray cats in an endemic area. Overall, 38.3% (18/47) of cats were parasitized, and 2,358 flukes (P. fastosum) were collected (131 – mean intensity of parasitism; 50.2 – mean abundance). The alanine transaminase (ALT) measure was significantly higher in parasitized animals, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed no statistical difference between parasitized and non-parasitized animals. In infected animals, gross pathological lesions and microscopic liver injuries ranged from mild to severe, and were similar to those in previous descriptions of feline platynosomiasis. Nonetheless, the intensity of parasitism was not related to the severity of macroscopic or microscopic hepatic injuries. However, feline platynosomiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of feline liver disorders, as well as, in any program of helminth control, even if no clinical abnormalities are present.

Keywords:
Platynosomum fastosum; liver; lesions; ALT; ALP

Enzymes (U/L)	Parasitism		*P-value*
Enzymes (U/L)	Yes	No	*P-value*

ALT	92.6	66.5	0.029
ALP	26.9	23.6	0.982

Animal	Intensity of parasitism	Jaundice	Visualization of bile ducts on the hepatic surface	Extrahepatic ducts distension	Intrahepatic ducts distension	Parasites in ducts/gallbladder
1	29	+	++	+++	+++	+
2	642	0	0	+	+	+++
3	8	0	++	++	++	0
4	1	0	0	0	0	0
5	13	0	0	0	0	0
6	4	0	0	0	0	0
7	8	0	0	0	0	0
8	147	+	++	+++	+++	0
9	23	0	0	+	+	+
10	39	0	0	+	+	+
11	519	0	++	++	++	+++
12	560	0	0	+	+	+++
13	8	0	+	++	++	0
14	9	0	0	0	0	0
15	300	+	++	+++	+++	+++
16	15	0	0	0	0	0
17	6	0	0	0	0	0
18	31	0	0	+	+	+

Animal	Periportal proliferation of bile ducts	Periportal fibrosis	Cholestasis	Hyperplasia of the bile duct epithelium	Cholangiectasis	Periportal cholangitis	Parasites (Histological)
1	+	+	0	+	+++	+	+
2	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
3	++	++	+	++	++	++	+
4	0	0	+	0	0	0	0
5	++	++	+	+	+	++	0
6	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
7	+++	++	0	+	+	++	0
8	+++	++	0	++	+++	++	+
9	+	+	0	0	+	+	0
10	+	+	0	0	+	+	0
11	++	++	0	++	++	+	+
12	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
13	+	++	0	+	++	+	0
14	+	++	0	+	+	+	0
15	+++	+	0	+++	+++	++	+
16	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
17	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
18	+	+	0	+	+	+	0

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Richard de Campos Pacheco. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso – UFMT, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, CEP 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil. e-mail: richard@ufmt.br

Animal	Intensity of parasitism	Jaundice	Visualization of bile ducts on the hepatic surface	Extrahepatic ducts distension	Intrahepatic ducts distension	Parasites in ducts/gallbladder
1	29	+	++	+++	+++	+
2	642	0	0	+	+	+++
3	8	0	++	++	++	0
4	1	0	0	0	0	0
5	13	0	0	0	0	0
6	4	0	0	0	0	0
7	8	0	0	0	0	0
8	147	+	++	+++	+++	0
9	23	0	0	+	+	+
10	39	0	0	+	+	+
11	519	0	++	++	++	+++
12	560	0	0	+	+	+++
13	8	0	+	++	++	0
14	9	0	0	0	0	0
15	300	+	++	+++	+++	+++
16	15	0	0	0	0	0
17	6	0	0	0	0	0
18	31	0	0	+	+	+

Animal	Periportal proliferation of bile ducts	Periportal fibrosis	Cholestasis	Hyperplasia of the bile duct epithelium	Cholangiectasis	Periportal cholangitis	Parasites (Histological)
1	+	+	0	+	+++	+	+
2	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
3	++	++	+	++	++	++	+
4	0	0	+	0	0	0	0
5	++	++	+	+	+	++	0
6	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
7	+++	++	0	+	+	++	0
8	+++	++	0	++	+++	++	+
9	+	+	0	0	+	+	0
10	+	+	0	0	+	+	0
11	++	++	0	++	++	+	+
12	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
13	+	++	0	+	++	+	0
14	+	++	0	+	+	+	0
15	+++	+	0	+++	+++	++	+
16	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
17	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
18	+	+	0	+	+	+	0

Animal	Intensity of parasitism	Jaundice	Visualization of bile ducts on the hepatic surface	Extrahepatic ducts distension	Intrahepatic ducts distension	Parasites in ducts/gallbladder
1	29	+	++	+++	+++	+
2	642	0	0	+	+	+++
3	8	0	++	++	++	0
4	1	0	0	0	0	0
5	13	0	0	0	0	0
6	4	0	0	0	0	0
7	8	0	0	0	0	0
8	147	+	++	+++	+++	0
9	23	0	0	+	+	+
10	39	0	0	+	+	+
11	519	0	++	++	++	+++
12	560	0	0	+	+	+++
13	8	0	+	++	++	0
14	9	0	0	0	0	0
15	300	+	++	+++	+++	+++
16	15	0	0	0	0	0
17	6	0	0	0	0	0
18	31	0	0	+	+	+

Animal	Periportal proliferation of bile ducts	Periportal fibrosis	Cholestasis	Hyperplasia of the bile duct epithelium	Cholangiectasis	Periportal cholangitis	Parasites (Histological)
1	+	+	0	+	+++	+	+
2	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
3	++	++	+	++	++	++	+
4	0	0	+	0	0	0	0
5	++	++	+	+	+	++	0
6	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
7	+++	++	0	+	+	++	0
8	+++	++	0	++	+++	++	+
9	+	+	0	0	+	+	0
10	+	+	0	0	+	+	0
11	++	++	0	++	++	+	+
12	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
13	+	++	0	+	++	+	0
14	+	++	0	+	+	+	0
15	+++	+	0	+++	+++	++	+
16	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
17	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
18	+	+	0	+	+	+	0

Animal	Intensity of parasitism	Jaundice	Visualization of bile ducts on the hepatic surface	Extrahepatic ducts distension	Intrahepatic ducts distension	Parasites in ducts/gallbladder
1	29	+	++	+++	+++	+
2	642	0	0	+	+	+++
3	8	0	++	++	++	0
4	1	0	0	0	0	0
5	13	0	0	0	0	0
6	4	0	0	0	0	0
7	8	0	0	0	0	0
8	147	+	++	+++	+++	0
9	23	0	0	+	+	+
10	39	0	0	+	+	+
11	519	0	++	++	++	+++
12	560	0	0	+	+	+++
13	8	0	+	++	++	0
14	9	0	0	0	0	0
15	300	+	++	+++	+++	+++
16	15	0	0	0	0	0
17	6	0	0	0	0	0
18	31	0	0	+	+	+

Animal	Periportal proliferation of bile ducts	Periportal fibrosis	Cholestasis	Hyperplasia of the bile duct epithelium	Cholangiectasis	Periportal cholangitis	Parasites (Histological)
1	+	+	0	+	+++	+	+
2	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
3	++	++	+	++	++	++	+
4	0	0	+	0	0	0	0
5	++	++	+	+	+	++	0
6	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
7	+++	++	0	+	+	++	0
8	+++	++	0	++	+++	++	+
9	+	+	0	0	+	+	0
10	+	+	0	0	+	+	0
11	++	++	0	++	++	+	+
12	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
13	+	++	0	+	++	+	0
14	+	++	0	+	+	+	0
15	+++	+	0	+++	+++	++	+
16	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
17	+	+	0	+	+	+	0
18	+	+	0	+	+	+	0