<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>: infection among shelter and stray cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Pereira, Pâmela Figueiredo; Barbosa, Alynne da Silva; Santos, Ana Leticia Carvalho; Bolais, Paula Forain; Dardé, Marie-Laure; Amendoeira, Maria Regina Reis

doi:10.1590/S1984-296120180061

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Short Communication • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 27 (03) • Jul-Sep 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-296120180061 copy

Toxoplasma gondii: infection among shelter and stray cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Toxoplasma gondii: infecção entre os gatos de abrigo e de rua no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify possible infection of Toxoplasma gondii among cats in a shelter and a set of condominiums in the city of Rio de Janeiro, through changes to the cats’ serological status between two different times in 2014 and 2015. One group was made up of captive cats at the municipal shelter and the other comprised stray cats that circulated in condominiums in the city. On the first occasion, cats were caught and tagged through application of microchips; in this manner, blood samples were obtained from 261 captive cats and 172 stray cats. On the second occasion, blood samples were obtained from 94 captive cats and 56 recaptured stray cats. The serological diagnosis was made by means of the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFAT) (cutoff ≥ 64). The frequency of T. gondii infection among the captive cats was 24.5% and among the stray cats, 18%. With the second analysis, it was possible to verify modifications to the serological status of anti-T. gondii antibodies, in 18% of both populations of animals. The presence of seroconversion shows that infection was possibly occurring in the region at the time of the study.

Keywords:
Toxoplasma gondii; captive cats; stray cats; immunodiagnosis; seroconversion

	Captive cats			Stray cats
	IHA	IFAT	Subtotal	IHA	IFAT	Subtotal	Total
	IHA	IFAT	IHA or IFAT ^* * IHA or IFAT at the first or second collection time;	IHA	IFAT	IHA or IFAT ^* * IHA or IFAT at the first or second collection time;	Total
Positive ^* ***** only IgM-positive; IgM-positive and IgG-positive; only IgG-positive;	41 (15.7%)	49 (18.8%)	64 (24.5%) ^ p = 0.1099; Odd = 1.478 (CI 95% 0.9140 to 2.389). The value one (1) was covered. Odds ratio without statistical significance.	12 (7.0%)	22 (12.8%)	31 (18.0%) ^ p = 0.1099; Odd = 1.478 (CI 95% 0.9140 to 2.389). The value one (1) was covered. Odds ratio without statistical significance.	95 (21.9%)
Negative ^** ****** negative for both immunoglobulins.	220 (84.3%)	212 (81.2%)	197 (75.5%)	160 (93.0%)	150 (87.2%)	141 (82.0%)	338 (78.1%)
Total	261	261	261	172	172	172	433

	Captive cats			Stray cats
	Female	Male	Total	Female	Male	Total
Positive	43 (26.9%) ^* * p = 0.2659 O.R. = 1.400 (CI 95% 0.7727 to 2.537);	21 (20.8%) ^* * p = 0.2659 O.R. = 1.400 (CI 95% 0.7727 to 2.537);	64 (24.5%)	14 (13.6%) ^ p = 0.0647; O.R. = 2.078 (CI 95% 0.9471 to 4.561). The value one (1) was covered. Odds ratio without statistical significance.	17 (24.6%) ^ p = 0.0647; O.R. = 2.078 (CI 95% 0.9471 to 4.561). The value one (1) was covered. Odds ratio without statistical significance.	31 (18%)
Negative	117 (73.1%)	80 (79.2%)	197 (75.5%)	89 (86.4%)	52 (75.4%)	141 (82%)
Total	160	101	261	103	69	172

Change to serological status	Captive cats	Stray cats	Total
Yes	20 (21.3%) ^* * p = 0.1760; Odd=1.892 (CI 95% 0.7438 to 4.812). The value one (1) was covered. Odds ratio without statistical significance.	7 (12.5%) ^* * p = 0.1760; Odd=1.892 (CI 95% 0.7438 to 4.812). The value one (1) was covered. Odds ratio without statistical significance.	27 (18%)
No	74 (78.7%)	49 (87.5%)	123 (82%)
Total	94	56	150

Serological status		Captive cats (n = 94)	Stray cats (n = 56)
1st collection time	2nd collection time	Captive cats (n = 94)	Stray cats (n = 56)
IgG -	IgG +	16 (80%)	0
IgG +	IgG -	2 (10%)	7 (100%)
IgM -	IgM +	2 (10%)	0
Total		20	7

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] * Corresponding author: Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. e-mail: amendoeira.fiocruz@gmail.com ; amendoei@ioc.fiocruz.br