Occurrence of <i>Dipetalonema gracile</i> in a wild population of woolly monkey <i>Lagothrix poeppiigii</i> in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon

Conga, David Fernandez; Mayor, Pedro; Furtado, Adriano Penha; Giese, Elane Guerreiro; Santos, Jeannie Nascimento dos

doi:10.1590/S1984-296120180014

David Fernandez Conga ^** Corresponding author: David Fernandez Conga. Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia “Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi”, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, Rua Augusto Correa, 1, CEP 66075-110, Guamá, Belém, PA, Brasil. e-mail: daket17@gmail.com

Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia “Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi”, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil

Pedro Mayor

Departament de Sanitat i d’Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona – UAB, Barcelona, CT, España

Adriano Penha Furtado

Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia “Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi”, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil

Elane Guerreiro Giese

Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia “Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi”, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil

Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

Jeannie Nascimento dos Santos

Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia “Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi”, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil

* Corresponding author: David Fernandez Conga. Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia “Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi”, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, Rua Augusto Correa, 1, CEP 66075-110, Guamá, Belém, PA, Brasil. e-mail: daket17@gmail.com

Figures (4)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1
Morphology of D. gracile Male: (A) Cephalic end, lateral view with details of the nerve ring, excretory pore and muscular oesophagus, Bar = 50 µm; (B) Cephalic end, apical view. Bar = 50 µm; (C) Cross section of the body at the level of the intestine and testis. Bar = 100 µm; (D) Ventral view of posterior end with details of the caudal papillae of the cloacal band. Bar = 100 µm; (E) Lateral view with detail of the testes and oesophagus-intestine. Bar = 100 µm; (F) Posterior end, lateral view with details of the spicules and cloaca. Bar = 10 µm; (G) Membranous alae. Bar = 10 µm; (H) Flagella. Bar = 10 µm; (I) Right spicule. Bar = 10 µm.

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Figure 2
Morphology of D. gracile Female: (A) Cephalic end, lateral view with details of the nerve ring, excretory pore, glandular and muscular oesophagus. Bar = 100 µm; (B) Cephalic end, apical view. Bar = 50 µm; (C) Cross section of the body at the level of the intestine and ovijector. Bar = 100 µm; (D) Uterine microfilaria. Bar = 10 µm; (E) Posterior end with details of the lappets and anal aperture. Bar = 100 µm; (F) Lateral view with details of the vulvar aperture and vagina. Bar = 100 µm.

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Figure 3
Ultrastructure of D. gracile Male: (A) Cephalic end, lateral and apical view. Bar = 100 µm. Details of the papillae (pc), amphids (ap) and lateral thickening (th). Bar = 20 µm; (B) Posterior end, ventral view with details of the bands (b) in the area rugosa. Bar = 100 µm; (C) Posterior end, ventral view with details of the cloacal papillae (pm, pe and pb). Bar = 10 µm; (D) Posterior end, ventral view. Bar = 50 µm. Details of the post-cloacal bands (rb and lb). Bar = 10 µm; (E) Posterior end, lateral view with details of the lateral thickening (th). Bar = 10 µm; (F) Posterior end, ventral view with details of the lappets, phasmids (ph) and caudal papillae (pp). Bar = 10 µm.

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Figure 4
Ultrastructure of D. gracile Female: (A) Cephalic end, apical view with details of the papillae (pc) and amphids (ap). Bar = 20 µm; (B) Posterior end, ventral view with details of the anal aperture (a). Bar = 50 µm. Uterine microfilaria. Bar = 20 µm; (C) Anterior end, lateral view. Bar = 200 µm. Details of the vulvar aperture (v). Bar = 10 µm; (D) Posterior end with detail of the lappets and phasmids (ph). Bar = 10 µm.

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Table 1
Morphometric comparison of the descriptions of male and female Dipetalonema gracile specimens found in Lagothrix poeppigii (present study) and in Saimiri sciureus by Bain et al. (1986) Bain O, Petit G, Rosales-Loesener L. Filaires de singes sud-américains. Bull Mus Natl Hist Nat 1986; 8(3): 513-542. and Notarnicola et al. (2007) Notarnicola J, Jiménez FA, Gardner SL. A new species of Dipetalonema (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) from Ateles chamek from the Beni of Bolivia. J Parasitol 2007; 93(3): 661-667. PMid:17626361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-962R1.1.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-962R1.1 ... .

Host Location Author	L. poeppigii (n = 38) Peru (Loreto) Present study		S. sciureus (n = 1) French Guiana Bain et al. (1986) Bain O, Petit G, Rosales-Loesener L. Filaires de singes sud-américains. Bull Mus Natl Hist Nat 1986; 8(3): 513-542.		S. sciureus (n = 1) Ecuador Notarnicola et al. (2008) Notarnicola J, Pinto CM, Navone GT. Host occurrence and geographical distribution of Dipetalonema spp. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in Neotropical monkeys and the first record of Dipetalonema gracile in Ecuador. Comp Parasitol 2008; 75(1): 61-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1654/4284.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1654/4284.1 ...
Parameters/Filarids	Male (n = 20)	Female (n = 20)	Male (n = 6)	Female (n = 4)	Male (n = 7)	Female (n = 7)
Body length (mm)	91 ± 10 (62-105)	160 ± 20 (115-191)	76-104	167-210	88.7 ± 5.1 (78.6-95)	149.29 ± 26 (128.9-192.9)
Body width	270 ± 33 (190-337)	349 ± 37 (274-416)	280-350	400-450	268 ± 15 (243-288)	347 ± 32 (303-390)
Buccal capsule length	5 ± 1 (3-7)	6 ± 1 (4-8)	12	10	11 ± 1.7 (11-12)	12.5 ± 4.3 (10-19)
Buccal capsule width	13 ± 1 (9-13)	13 ± 1 (10-13)	-	-	20.3 ± 0.6 (20-21)	24.7 ± 2.6 (21-27)
Nerve ring	196 ± 14 (179-232)	199 ± 24 (147-237)	225	155	229 ± 6 (225-234)	263 ± 73 (190-364)
Excretory pore	284.3 ± 31.2 (210.5-347.4)	300 ± 35 (253-384)	-	-	300	-
Oesophagus	2568 ± 234 (2227-3120)	3069 ± 237 (2693-3507)	4400-5700	3950-5500	3600 ± 446 (3000-4100)	3500 ± 579 (2700-4100)
Muscular oesophagus	415 ± 53 (347-579)	467 ± 80 (368-721)	--	720	699	2700
Vulva (from anterior end)	-	776 ± 125 (547-1021)	-	1150-1600	-	1400 ± 298 (900-1900)
Vagina length	-	242 ± 31 (199-305)	-	300	-	250
Vagina width	-	63 ± 7 (52-89)	-	150	-	150
Ovijector	-	4388 ± 553 (3733-5760)	-	10000	-	2600
Left spicule	951 ± 61 (813-1064)	-	900-1220	-	900.5 ± 104 (741-1000)	-
Handle	251 ± 19 (219-301)	-	300	--	272 ± 24 (240-300)	-
Lamina	700 ± 46 (595-803)	-	-	-	690	-
Membranous alae	351 ± 63 (283-560)	-	-	-	290	-
Flagella	349 ± 78 (173-493)	-	300	-	400	-
Right spicule	192 ± 16 (160-221)	-	210-290	-	230.5 ± 38 (167-282)	-
Lamina-handle ratio	2.8 ± 0.1 (2.4-3.1)	-	-	-	-	-
Spicular length ratio	5 ± 0.5 (4.1-6.1)	-	-	-	4 ± 0.89 (3.2-5.9)	-
Gubernaculum length	18 ± 1 (16-19)	-	23	-	35 ± 10 (25-51)	-
Area rugosa length (mm)	12 ± 2 (7-16)	-	9.5	-	8.7 ± 1.5 (6.6-10)	-
Tail length	298 ± 14 (267-320)	419 ± 45 (338-494)	320-400	640-850	307 ± 37 (247-349)	771 ± 219 (609-1210)
Caudal lappets length	3 ± 1 (3-5)	7 ± 1 (7-11)		7-12		9
Lateral lappets from tip of tail	22 ± 2 (21-27)	17 ± 4 (11-20)	18-30	20-50	36-48	27
Microfilaria body length	-	109 ± 3 (104-126)	-	125-145	-	83-109
Microfilaria body width	-	4 ± 1 (3-7)	-	2.5-3.3	-	4

[1] * Corresponding author: David Fernandez Conga. Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia “Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi”, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, Rua Augusto Correa, 1, CEP 66075-110, Guamá, Belém, PA, Brasil. e-mail: daket17@gmail.com

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Occurrence of Dipetalonema gracile in a wild population of woolly monkey Lagothrix poeppiigii in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon

Ocorrência de Dipetalonema gracile em uma população selvagem de macaco barrigudo Lagothrix poeppigii no nordeste da Amazônia peruana

Abstract