First report of <i>Trichodinella</i> and new geographical records of trichodinids in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) farmed in Brazil

Rodrigues, Fabrício Sado; Assane, Inácio Mateus; Valladão, Gustavo Moraes Ramos; Paula, Fernanda Gomes de; Andrade, Caniggia Lacerda; Moraes, Anderson Pires de; Dall’Agnol, Mariana; Pascoal, Lívia Mendonça

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612019038

Fabrício Sado Rodrigues

Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia – EVZ, Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil

Inácio Mateus Assane

Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Zambeze University – UniZambeze, Ulónguè, Tete, Mozambique

Laboratório de Microbiologia e Parasitologia de Organismos Aquáticos, Centro de Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil

Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão

Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM, Brasil

Fernanda Gomes de Paula

Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia – EVZ, Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil

Caniggia Lacerda Andrade

Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia – EVZ, Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil

Anderson Pires de Moraes

Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia – EVZ, Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil

Mariana Dall’Agnol

Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia – EVZ, Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil

Lívia Mendonça Pascoal ^**Corresponding author: Lívia Mendonça Pascoal. Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia – EVZ, Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG, Campus Samambaia, Rodovia Goiânia, Nova Veneza, Km 0, CEP 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil. e-mail: lmpascoal@yahoo.com.br

Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia – EVZ, Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4900-5334

*Corresponding author: Lívia Mendonça Pascoal. Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia – EVZ, Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG, Campus Samambaia, Rodovia Goiânia, Nova Veneza, Km 0, CEP 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil. e-mail: lmpascoal@yahoo.com.br

Figures (3)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
Photomicrographs of silver impregnated adhesive discs and schematic drawing of the denticles of Trichodina compacta (a); T. heterodentata (b) and T. magna (c) found in the body of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus cultured in Central-West region of Brazil. Scale bars: 10 μm.

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Figure 2
Photomicrographs of silver impregnated adhesive discs and schematic drawing of the denticles of Trichodina centrostrigeata (a); T. compacta (b); T. heterodentata (c); T. migala (d); Paratrichodina africana (e); Trichodinella sp. (f) and Tripartiella orthodens (g) found in the gills of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus cultured in Central-West region of Brazil. Scale bars: 10 μm.

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Figure 3
Schematic drawing of the denticles of Trichodinella demonstrating the diversity of denticle shape among Trichodinella epizootica (redrawn from various sources: BASSON & VAN AS, 1989Basson L, Van As JG. Differential diagnosis of the genera in the family Trichodinidae (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) with the description of a new genus ectoparasitic on freshwater fish from southern Africa. Syst Parasitol 1989; 13(2): 153-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015224.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015224... ; MITRA & HALDAR, 2004Mitra AK, Haldar DP. First record of Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe, 1950) Ṧrámek-Huṧek, 1953, with description of Trichodina notopteridae sp. n. (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) from freshwater fishes of India. Acta Protozool 2004; 43: 269-274.; AL-RASHEID et al., 2000Al-Rasheid KA, Ali MA, Sakran T, Abdel Baki AA, Abdel Ghaffar FA. Trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) of some River Nile fish, Egypt. Parasitol Int 2000; 49(2): 131-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5769(00)00042-8. PMid:10882902.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5769(00)... ; BASSON, 2010Basson L. First records of trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) from introduced freshwater fishes in Tasmania, Australia, with comments on pathogenicity. Acta Protozool 2010; 49(3): 253-265.; MITRA et al., 2013Mitra AK, Bandyopadhyay PK, Gong Y, Goswami M, Bhowmik B. Description of two new species of ectoparasitic Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1830 (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) from freshwater fishes in the river Ganges, India. J Parasit Dis 2013; 37(1): 35-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12639-012-0126-z. PMid:24431538.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12639-012-012... ; XU et al., 1999Xu K, Song W, Warren A. Trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) from the gills of cultured marine fishes in China, with the description of Trichodinella lomi n. sp. Syst Parasitol 1999; 42(3): 219-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006067005936. PMid:10613540.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:100606700593... and TANG et al., 2005Tang FH, Zhao YJ, Tang AK. Presence of ectoparasitic trichodinids (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea, Peritrichida) on the gills of cultured freshwater fish, Carassius auratus in Chongqing, China, with the description of a new species of the genus Trichodina. Acta Zootaxon Sin 2005; 30: 35-40.).

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Table 1
Measurements of trichodinids from body of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The data are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (minimum-maximum values; number of individuals measured).

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Table 2
Measurements of trichodinids of from gills of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The data are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (minimum-maximum values; number of individuals measured).

Trichodinids species	Trichodina compacta	Trichodina heterodentata	Trichodina magna ^* * Only one parasite well impregnated of this species was found in the present study.
Body diameter	54.61 ± 3.39 (48.9-61.4; 22)	70.10 ± 6.15 (60.2-79.8; 18)	91.86
Border membrane	4.57 ± 0.47 (3.4-5.2; 22)	5.37 ± 0.70 (4.3-7.7; 18)	7.86
Adhesive disc	45.41 ± 3.30 (40.0-53.2; 22)	59.41 ± 6.14 (49.1-69.2; 18)	75.79
Denticulate ring	28.19 ± 2.71 (23.5-34.4; 22)	37.61 ± 3.92 (31.0-43.8; 18)	49.56
Central circle	13.75 ± 1.73 (10.4-18.0; 22)	-	-
Denticle span	11.86 ± 0.73 (10.8-13.1; 22)	17.90 ± 1.41 (15.0-19.8; 18)	24.41
Ray length	4.91 ± 0.55 (4.1-5.9; 22)	9.60 ± 1.05 (7.5-10.9; 18)	13.10
Central part	2.51 ± 0.32 (1.9-3.0; 22)	2.66 ± 0.32 (2.1-3.3; 18)	3.63
Blade length	4.43 ± 0.35 (3.7-5.3; 22)	5.55 ± 0.62 (4.2-6.7; 18)	7.44
Denticle length	8.23 ± 0.56 (7.2-9.4; 22)	9.44 ± 1.06 (7.4-11.4; 18)	10.09
Number of denticles	19.29 ± 0.96 (18-21; 21)	23.67 ± 1.03 (22-26; 18)	29
Pins/denticle	8.32 ± 0.48 (8-9; 22)	10.76 ± 0.90 (10-12; 17)

Characters	T. centrostrigeata	T. migala	T. heterodentata	T. compacta	Paratrichodina africana	T. orthodens	Trichodinella sp.
Body diameter	55.73 ± 5.02 (47.0-64.9; 22)	76.01 ± 5.66 (70.5-83.6; 4)	70.45 ± 6.06 (63.9-80.4; 9)	53.09 ± 2.20 (49.9-57.9; 9)	25.04 ± 2.50 (21.6-29.8; 20)	27.36 ± 1.35 (24.9-29.1; 9)	22.94 ± 2.38 (20.2-25.7; 6)
Border membrane	3.71 ± 0.84 (2.1-5.4; 22)	5.67 ± 0.50 (5.1-6.2; 4)	5.43 ± 0.53 (4.6-6.0; 9)	4.61 ± 0.53 (3.6-5.4; 9)	1.80 ± 0.19 (1.3-2.1; 20)	2.50 ± 0.31 (1.8-2.9; 9)	2.04 ± 0.38 (1.5-2.5; 6)
Adhesive disc	49.03 ± 5.31 (39.1-60.1; 23)	64.71 ± 6.83 (57.7-73.7; 4)	59.61 ± 5.58 (53.5-68.3; 9)	44.35 ± 2.09 (42.0-49.1; 9)	21.24 ± 2.42 (17.7-26.3; 20)	22.36 ± 1.34 (19.8-24.2; 9)	21.65 ± 2.84 (18.5-24.4; 6)
Denticulate ring	26.04 ± 2.89 (21.7-32.0; 24)	40.79 ± 5.50 (35.8-48.5; 4)	39.09 ± 6.99 (29.7-50.6; 10)	27.13 ± 2.13 (25.2-32.3; 9)	12.42 ± 1.88 (9.4-16.3; 20)	10.88 ± 0.88 (9.3-12.5; 9)	12.01 ± 1.72 (10.2-14.4; 6)
Central circle	-	-	-	13.11 ± 1.66 (10.7-16.1; 9)	5.82 ± 0.48 (4.7-6.7; 20)	7.42 ± 0.73 (6.3-8.5; 9)	4.37 ± 0.35 (4.0-5.0; 6)
N of central ridges	13.22 ± 1.93 (10.0-17.0; 24)	-	-	-	1.88 ± 0.33 (1.3-2.5; 20)	1.91 ± 0.23 (1.5-2.2; 9)	0.56 ± 0.08 (0.5-0.7; 5)
Denticle span	12.82 ± 1.94 (9.8-16.3; 24)	18.48 ± 2.02 (15.8-20.2; 4)	17.64 ± 1.64 (14.8-19.8; 10)	11.80 ± 0.87 (10.9-13.7; 9)	0.54 ± 0.10 (0.3-0.7; 20)	0.54 ± 0.06 (0.4-0.6; 9)	1.3 ± 0.15 (1.2-1.5; 5)
Ray length	4.57 ± 0.98 (2.5-6.7; 24)	8.30 ± 1.59 (6.0-9.7; 4)	9.61 ± 1.33 (7.3-11.6; 10)	5.38 ± 0.50 (4.7-6.2; 9)	3.33 ± 0.27 (2.7-3.8; 20)	4.87 ± 0.60 (3.7-5.7; 9)	2.34 ± 0.47 (1.7-2.8; 6)
Central part	2.42 ± 0.54 (1.4-3.3; 24)	3.43 ± 0.81 (2.6-4.3; 4)	2.46 ± 0.27 (2.1-3.0; 10)	2.30 ± 0.33 (1.6-2.7; 9)	2.42 ± 0.39 (1.7-3.4; 20)	2.57 ± 0.33 (2.1-3.1; 9)	2.21 ± 0.28 (1.9-2.6; 6)
Blade length	5.73 ± 0.94 (4.1-7.5; 24)	6.56 ± 0.87 (5.3-7.2; 4)	5.51 ± 0.52 (4.6-6.1; 10)	4.12 ± 0.51 (3.5-4.9; 9)	22.17 ± 1.10 (20-25; 18)	21.44 ± 1.01 (20-23; 9)	21.00 ± 1.41 (19-22; 5)
Denticle length	4.51 ± 0.37 (3.8-5.3; 24)	8.53 ± 0.48 (8.0-9.0; 4)	9.00 ± 1.03 (7.1-10.7; 10)	8.16 ± 0.51 (7.5-8.9; 9)	-	5 ± 0 (5-5; 1)	-
Number of denticles	27.71 ± 1.00 (26-30; 24)	27.00 ± 1.41 (26-29; 4)	23.90 ± 2.08 (22-28; 10)	19.00 ± 0.76 (18-20; 8)	25.04 ± 2.50 (21.6-29.8; 20)	27.36 ± 1.35 (24.9-29.1; 9)	22.94 ± 2.38 (20.2-25.7; 6)
Pins/denticle	9.33 ± 1.15 (8-10; 3)	10.00 ± 0 (10-10; 4)	10.40 ± 1.14 (9-12; 5)	8.89 ± 1.05 (8-10; 9)	1.80 ± 0.19 (1.3-2.1; 20)	2.50 ± 0.31 (1.8-2.9; 9)	2.04 ± 0.38 (1.5-2.5; 6)

[1] *Corresponding author: Lívia Mendonça Pascoal. Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia – EVZ, Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG, Campus Samambaia, Rodovia Goiânia, Nova Veneza, Km 0, CEP 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil. e-mail: lmpascoal@yahoo.com.br

Brasil

Brasil

First report of Trichodinella and new geographical records of trichodinids in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farmed in Brazil

Primeiro relato de Trichodinella e novos registros geográficos de tricodinídeos em tilapia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivada no Brasil

Abstract