Vegetable Oil (concentration) |
Surfactant (concentration) |
Method of preparation |
Application (Reference) |
Clove (1%) |
Polysorbate 80 (15%) Macrogol-8 glycerin caprilocaproil (15%) Glycerol triacetate (8%) |
Aqueous phase titration |
In vitro antibacterial activity (Anwer et al., 2014ANWER, K.; JAMIL, S.; IBNOUF, E.O.; SHAKEEL, F. Enhanced antibacterial effects of clove essential oil by nanoemulsion. J. Oleo Sci., v.63, n.4, p.347-354, 2014.) |
Andiroba (10%) |
Polysorbate 20 (1%) Polysorbate 80 (1%) Sorbitan monooleate (2%) |
HPH |
In vitro antiparasitic activity (Baldissera et al., 2013BALDISSERA, M.D.; SILVA, A.; OLIVEIRA, C.B.; ZIMMERMANN, C.E.P.; VAUCHER, R.A.; SANTOS, R.C.V. Trypanocidal activity of the essential oils in their conventional and nanoemulsion forms: in vitro tests. Exper. Parasitol., v.134, p.S356-S361, 2013.) |
Anise (25, 50 and 75% of oil phase) |
Soy lecithin (5%) |
HPH |
In vitro antimicrobial activities (Topuz et al., 2016TOPUZ, O. K.; ÖZVURAL, E. B.; ZHAO, Q.; HUANG, Q.; CHIKINDAS, M.; GÖLÜKÇÜ, M. Physical and antimicrobial properties of anise oil loaded nanoemulsions on the survival of foodborne pathogens. Food Chem ., v. 203, p. 117-123, 2016.) |
Argan |
Polyethoxylated solutol HS-15 |
EPI |
In vitro cytotoxic activity (Jordan et al., 2012JORDAN, M.; NAYEL, A.; BROWNLOW, B.; ELBAYOUMI, T. Development and evaluation of tocopherol-rich argan oil-based nanoemulsions as vehicles possessing anticancer activity. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., v.8, n.6, p.944-956, 2012.) |
Babassu (5%) |
Mixture of sorbitan monooleate and PEG-54 castor oil (10%) |
PIT |
Pharmaceutical and cosmetic matrices (Gumiero, Filho,2012GUMIERO, V.C.; FILHO, P.A.R. Babassu nanoemulsions have physical and chemical stability. J. Disp. Sci. Technol., v.33, p.1569-1573, 2012.) |
Carqueja-doce (3.32%) |
Polysorbate (0.77%) |
SE |
In vitro antifungal activity (Danielli et al., 2013DANIELLI, L.J.; REIS, M.; BIANCHINI, M.; CAMARGO, G.S.; BORDIGNON, S.A.L.; GUERREIRO, I.K. Antidermatophytic activity of volatile oil and nanoemulsion of Stenachaenium megapotamicum (Spreng.) Baker. Ind. Crop. Prod., v.50, p.23-28, 2013.) |
Casca-de-anta (4%) |
Polysorbate 20 (1%) Sorbitan monooleate (1%) |
HPH |
In vitro cytotoxic activity (Gomes et al., 2013GOMES, M.R.F.; SCHUH, R.R.; JACQUES, A.L.B.; AUGUSTIN, O.A.; BORDIGNON, A.A.L.; DIAS, D.O. Citotoxic activity evaluation of essential oils and nanoemulsions of Drimys angustifolia and D. brasiliensis on human glioblastoma (U-138 MG) and human bladder carcinoma (T24) cell lines in vitro. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., v.23, n.2, p.259-267, 2013.) |
Cinnamon (6%) |
Polysorbate 80 (18%) |
EPI |
In vitro antibacterial activity (Nirmala et al., 2013NIRMALA, M.J.; ALLANKI, S.; MUKHERJEE, A.; CHANDRASEKARAN, N. Azithromycin: essential oil based nanoemulsion drug delivery system. Int. J. Pharm . Pharm. Sci., v.5, p.273-275, 2013.) |
Cinnamon bark (1%) |
Polysorbate 80 (3%) Polysorbate 20 (3%) Lauric arginate (0.375%) |
PIT |
In vitro antimicrobial activities (Hilbig et al., 2016HILBIG, J.; MA, Q.; DAVIDSON, P. M.; WEISS, J.; ZHONG, Q. Physical and antimicrobial properties of cinnamon bark oil co-nanoemulsified by lauric arginate and Tween 80. Int. J. Food Microbiol., v.233, p.52-59, 2016.) |
Citronella (10%) Hairy Basil (5%) Vetiver (5%) |
Mixture of cetearyl alcohol and cocoyl glucoside (5%) |
HPH |
In vivo repellent activity (Nuchuchua et al., 2012) |
Citronella (20%) |
Mixture of cetearyl alcohol and cocoyl glucoside (2.5%) |
HPH |
In vivo repellent activity (Sakulkua et al., 2009SAKULKUA, U.; NUCHUCHUA, O.; UAWONGYART, N.; PUTTIPIPATKHACHORN, S.; SOOTTITANTAWAT, A.; RUKTANONCHAI, U. Characterization and mosquito repellent activity of citronella oil nanoemulsion. Int. J. Pharm ., v.372, n.1/2, p.105-111, 2009.) |
Curcuma (15%) |
Soya lecithin (21%) Isopropyl alcohol (21%) |
SE |
In vivo anti-inflamatory activity and irritative potential analysis (Ali et al., 2012ALI, A.; ALAM, S.; IMAM, F.; SIDDIQUI, M.R. Topical nanoemulsion of turmeric oil for psoriasis: characterization in vivo and in vivo assessment. Inter. J. Drug Deliv., v.4, p.184-197, 2012.) |
Eucalyptus (10%) |
Mixture of polysorbate 20 and ethyl alcohol (35%) |
EPI |
In vivo anti-inflammatory activity (Alam et al., 2013ALAM, S.; ALI, S.; ALAM, N.; SIDDIQUI, M.R.; SHAMIM SAFHI, M.M. In vivo study of clobetasol propionate loaded nanoemulsion for topical application in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Drug Invent.Today, v.5, n.1, p.8-12, 2013.) |
Eucalyptus (16.66%) |
Polysorbate 20 (16.66%) |
EPI |
In vivo and in vitro antibacterial activities (Sugumar et al., 2014SUGUMAR, S.; GHOSH, V.; NIRMALA, M.J.; MUKHERJEE, A.; CHANDRASEKARAN, N. Ultrasonic emulsification of eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion: antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and wound healing activity in Wistar rats. Ultra Sonochem., v.21, p.1044-1049, 2014.) |
Flaxseed (20%) |
Egg phosphatidylcholine (1.2%) DSPE-PEG 2000 (0.3%) |
SE |
In vitro cytotoxic activity (Ganta et al., 2008GANTA, S.; PAXTON, J.W.; BAGULEY, B.C.; GARG, S. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chlorambucil delivered in parenteral emulsion. Int. J. Pharm ., v.360, n.1-2, p.115-121, 2008.) |
Grape seed (3.3%) Almond kernel (3.3%) |
Polysorbate 80 (0.77%) Sorbitan stearate (0.77%) |
SE |
Matrix for incorporation of benzophenone-3 (Almeida et al., 2009ALMEIDA, J.S.; JEZUR, L.; FONTANA, M.C.; PAESE, K.; SILVA, C.B.; POHLMANN, A.R.; GUTERRES, S.S.; BECK, R.C.R. Oil-based nanoparticles containing alternative vegetable oils (grape seed oil and almond kernel oil): preparation and characterization. Lat. Am. J. Pharm., v.28, n.2, p.165-172, 2009.) |
Orange (5 and 10%) Orange Terpene (15%) |
Mixture of lauric 2 EO, lauric 6 EO, lauric 10 EO, lauric 23 EO and oleic 10 EO ethers (10%) |
HPH |
Matrix for incorporation (Kourniatis et al., 2010KOURNIATIS, L.R.; SPINELLI, L.S.; MANSUR, C.R.E.; GONZÁLEZ, G. Nanoemulsões óleo de laranja/água preparadas em homogeneizador de alta pressão. Quím. Nova. v.33, n.2, p.295-300, 2010.) |
Palm kernel (7.14%) |
Lecithin (2.2%) Macrogolglycerolricinoleate (1.24%) |
HPH |
Anti-parkinsonian therapy (Zainol et al., 2012ZAINOL, S.; BASRI, M.; BASRI, H.B.; SHAMSUDDIN, A.F.; ABDUL-GANI, S.S.; KARJIBAN, R.A.; MALEK, E.A. Formulation optimization of a palm-based nanoemulsion system containing levodopa. Int. J. Mol. Sci., v.13, n.4, p.13049-13064, 2012.) |
Palm kernel esters (4%) |
Lecithin (2.5%) Polysorbate 80 (0.75%) |
HPH |
In vitro antibacterial activity (Musa et al., 2013MUSA, S.H.; BASRI, M.; MASOUMI, H.R.F.; KARJIBAN, R.A.; MALEK, E.A.; BASRI, H.; BASRI, H.; SHAMSUDDIN, A.F. Formulation optimization of palm kernel oil esters nanoemulsion-loaded with chloramphenicol suitable for meningitis treatment. Colloids Surf. B: Bioint., v.112, p.113-119, 2013.) |
Pomegranate (1.5%) |
Sorbitan monoleate (10%) |
EPI |
Cosmetic matrix (Silva et al., 2013SILVA J.E.; ZANON JUNIOR, G.B.; ZANELLA, I.; RAFFIN, R.; CIELO, V.; ROSSATO, J. Formação de nanoemulsões do tipo óleo em água contendo semente de romã. Disciplinarum Scientia, v.14, v.1, p.115-122, 2013.) |
Rapeseed (5%) |
Polysorbate 20 (0.12%) Polysorbate 60 (2.01%) Polysorbate 80 (5.32%) Sorbitan laurate (4.88%) Sorbitan stearate (2.99%) Sorbitan oleate (2.90%) Olelyl alcohol (1.90%) Oleyl alcohol (3.10%) Hydrogenated castor oil (2.58%) |
PIT |
Matrix for incorporation (Morais et al., 2006MORAIS, J.M.; SANTOS, O.D.H.; DELICATO, H.; GONÇALVES, T.; AZZINI, R.; ROCHA-FILHO, P.A. Physicochemical characterization of canola oil/water nanoemulsions obtained by determination of required HBL number and emusion phase inversion methods. J. Disper. Sci. Technol., v.27, n.1, p.109-115, 2006.) |
Rapeseed (56.5%) Salmon (8%) |
Mixture of polysorbate 80 and soya lecithin (10%) |
HPH |
Cosmetic matrix (Kabri et al., 2011KABRI, T.; ARAB-TEHRANY, E.; BELHAJ, N.; LINDER, M. Physico-chemical characterization of nanoemulsions in cosmetic matrix enriched on omega-3. J. Nanobiotechnol ., v.9, n.41, p.1-8, 2011.) |
Rice (10%) |
Sorbitan monoleate (10%) PEG-30 castor oil (10%) |
EPI |
In vivo psoriasis and atopic dermatitis activity (Bernardi et al., 2011BERNARDI, D.S.; PEREIRA, T.A.; MACIEL, N.R.; BORTOLOTO, J.; VIERA, G.S.; OLIVEIRA, G.C. Formation and stability of oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing rice bran oil: in vitro and in vivo assessments. J. Nanobiotechnol., v.9, p.1-9, 2011.) |
Sucupira branca (5%) |
Polysorbate 80 (2.5 %) Sorbitan monooleate (2.5%) |
SE |
In vivo and in vitro larvicidal activity (Oliveira et al., 2016) |
Tea Tree (1%) |
Polysorbate 80 (0.38%) Sorbitan monooleate (0.38%) |
SE |
In vivo antiedematogenic effect (Flores et al., 2015FLORES, F.C.; LIMA, J.A.; SILVA, C.R.; BENVEGNÚ, D.; FERREIRA, J.; BURGER, M.E.; BECK, R.C.R.; ROLIM, C.M.B.; ROCHA, M.I.U.M.; VEIGA, M.L.; SILVA, C.B. Hydrogels containing nanocapsules and nanoemulsions of tea tree oil provide antiedematogenic effect and improved skin wound healing. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., v.15, p.800-809, 2015.) |
Tea tree (1%) |
Polysorbate 80 (0.38%) Sorbitan monooleate (0.38%) |
SE |
In vitro antifungal activity (Flores et al., 2011FLORES, F.C.; RIBEIRO, R.F.; OURIQUE, A.F.; ROLIM, C.M.B.; SILVA, C.B. Nanostructured systems containing an essential oil: protection against volatilization. Quím. Nova., v.34, n.6, p.968-972, 2011.) |