Fractionate factorial design |
Indomethacin concentration, stabilizer type, stabilizer concentration, processing temperature, and homogenization pressure |
Particle size distribution, zeta potential, and physical form (XRD) of nanosuspensions |
(Verma et al., 2009) |
Fractionate factorial design and central composite design |
Inlet air temperature, air flow rate and binder spray rate during the sprying phase |
Moisture of granules and flow through an orifice of the granules obtained by fluid bed granulation |
(Lourenço et al., 2012Lourenço V, Lochmann D, Reich G, Menezes JC, Herdling T, Schewitz J. A quality by design study applied to an industrial pharmaceutical fluid bed granulation. Eur J Pharm Bio. 2012;81(2):438-447.) |
3-level factorial design |
Span 60 : Sodium lauryl sulfate ratio, organic : aqueous phase volume ratio, and polymer concentration |
Emulsion phase stability, viscosity, and conductivity |
(Badawi, El-Khordahui, 2014) |
Box-Behnken design |
Sodium alginate percentage, chitosan percentage, and calcium chloride percentage |
Maximum drug encapsulation, particle size and drug release of cefpodoxime proxetil chitosan-alginate beads |
(Muftaba, Ali, Kohli, 2014Muftaba A, Ali M, Kohli K. Formulation of extended release cefpodoxime proxetil chitosan-alginate beads using quality by design approach. Int J Bio Macromol. 2014;69:420-429.) |
2-level factorial design |
Amount of oil (capmul MCM), amount of surfactant (tween 80), and amount of cosolvent (Transcutol HP) |
Globule size, span, equilibrium solubility of cilostazol, zeta potential, and dissolution efficiency at 30 min of lipid based nanoemulsifying cilostazol |
(Pund, Shete, Jagadale, 2014Pund S, Shete Y, Jagadale S. Multivariate analysis of physicochemical characteristics of lipid based nanoemulsifying cilostazol-Quality by design. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2014;115:29-36.) |
Multiple response optimization |
Concentrations of imidazolidinyl urea, methyparaben, propylparaben, and EDTA in cosmetic formulations |
Slopes from microbial curves of Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus brasiliensis
|
(Lourenço et al., 2015Lourenço FR, Francisco FL, Ferreira MRS, Pinto TJA, Bou-Chacra NA. Design space approach for preservative system optimization of an anti-aging eye fluid emulsion. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;18(2):551-561.) |
Central composite design |
Percentage of HPMC, percentage of glycerol, and drying temperature |
Thickness, weight, tensile strength, elongation at break, young’s modulus, and disintegration time of oroldispersible films |
(Visser et al., 2015) |
2-level factorial design |
Kneading temperature, impeller speed, liquid addition, extrusion speed, spheronizer speed, and spheronization time |
Activity, hardness, and roundness of pellets for oral lysozyme delivery |
(Sovàny et al., 2016Sovàny T, Csordás K, Kelemen A, Regdon Jr G, Pintye-Hódi K. Development of pellets for oral lysozyme delivery by using a quality by design approach. Chem Engin Res Design. 2016;106:92-100.) |
Box-Behnken design |
Lipid, lipid oil, and surfactand phase |
Particle size, entrapment, permeation flux, and percentage release of aceclofenac loaded-nano structured lipid carriers |
(Garg et al., 2017) |
Central composite design |
Combination ratio of Eudragit®FS-30D / Eudragit® RS-PO, PVA concentration in external phase, and NaCl concentration on external phase |
Size of microspheres, encapsulation efficiency of enoxaparin sodium, percentages released over 24h in gastric, duodenal and colonic media |
(Hales et al., 2017) |
2-level factorial design |
Surfactant concentration, solid/liquid lipid ration, and ultrasonication time |
Particle size and particle size distribution of nanostructured lipid carriers containing salicylic acid for dermal use |
(Kovács et al., 2017Kovács A, Berkó S, Csányi E, Csóka I. Development of nanostructured lipid carries containing salicylic acid for dermal use based on the quality by design method. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017;99:246-257.) |
Box-Behnken design |
Amount of surfactant/cosurfactant mixture, processing pressure and number of homogenization cycles |
Globule size, size distribution (PDI), percentage transmittance, and drug release of silymarin nanoemulsion |
(Nagi et al., 2017) |
2-level factorial design |
Concentrations of ethylhexyl triazone, bemotrizinol, and ferulic acid in multifunctional sunscreens |
Antioxidant activity, and UVA and UVB radiation |
(Peres et al., 2017) |
3-level factorial design |
Poloxamer 188, and acetone to methanol ratio |
Particle size, and entrapment efficiency of efavirenz loaded solid lipid nanoparticles |
(Raina, Kaur, Jindal, 2017Raina H, Kaur S, Jindal AB. Development of efavirenz loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: risk assessment, quality-by design (QbD) based optimization and physicochemical characterization. J Drug Del Sci Technol. 2017;39:180-191.) |
3-level factorial design |
Oil to surfactant/cosurfactant ratio and concentration of gellan gum |
In vitro drug release and viscosity at physiological pH of a microemulsion of lorazepam via intranasal route |
(Shah et al., 2017) |
2-level factorial design |
Hydration temperature, stirring speed, and stirring time |
Polydispersity index of miltefosine-loaded polymeric micelles |
(Valenzuela-Oses et al., 2017) |