Conducting studies with methodological approaches that might provide evidence of the experiences of the actors in vivo and in situ in addition to their successes and errors in daily repetitions. |
Studies have used ethnographic and processual approaches and highlighted the importance of phenomenology. Advances have been made in the use of social network analysis and netnography. |
Fine and Hallett (2014FINE, G. A.; HALLETT, T. Group cultures and the everyday life of organizations: Interaction orders and meso-analysis. Organization Studies, v. 35, n. 12, p. 1773-1792, 2014.); Landau; Drori and Terjesen (2014LANDAU, D.; DRORI, I.; TERJESEN, S. Multiple legitimacy narratives and planned organizational change. Human Relations, v. 67, n. 11, p. 1321-1345, 2014.); Heaphy (2013HEAPHY, E.D. Repairing breaches with rules: Maintaining institutions in the face of everyday disruptions. Organization Science, v. 24, n. 5, p. 1291-1315, 2013.); Mccann et al (2013MCCANN, L. et al. Still blue‐collar after all these years? An ethnography of the professionalization of emergency ambulance work. Journal of Management Studies, v. 50, n. 5, p. 750-776, 2013.). |
This approach risks underestimating the cognitive and emotional effort required for the actor to develop reflexivity about their actions. Difficult to analyze, it is important to highlight how the reflexivity of the actors develops, either through relational tools or environmental issues. |
To address the lack of understanding about reflexivity, some studies have sought an articulation with other theoretical and methodological perspectives. Power balance, the paradox of embedded agency, institutional experimentation and the existence of shared moral worlds are some of the imminent explanations in the studies. |
Deroy and Clegg (2015DEROY, X.; CLEGG, S. Back in the USSR: Introducing recursive contingency into institutional theory. Organization Studies, v. 36, n. 1, p. 73-90, 2015.); Lawrence and Dover (2015LAWRENCE, T. B.; DOVER, G. Place and institutional work: Creating housing for the hard-to-house. Administrative Science Quarterly, v. 60, n. 3, p. 371-410, 2015.); Monteiro and Nicolini (2015MONTEIRO, P.; NICOLINI, D. Recovering materiality in institutional work: Prizes as an assemblage of human and material entities. Journal of Management Inquiry, v. 24, n. 1, p. 61-81, 2015.); Binz et al (2016BINZ, C. et al. The thorny road to technology legitimation-Institutional work for potable water reuse in California. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, v. 103, p. 249-263, 2016.). |
The direction of institutional work as transformative and capable of reducing social inequalities is not thoroughly evidenced in empirical studies. |
Studies have focused on gender equality issues or changes in the hospital model, as well as on institutional change as an essential element of innovation. However, none of them has been able to indicate managerial tools based on institutional work. |
Dolbec and Fischer (2015DOLBEC, P.; FISCHER, E. Refashioning a field? Connected consumers and institutional dynamics in markets. Journal of Consumer Research, v. 41, n. 6, p. 1447-1468, 2015.); Karam and Jamali (2013KARAM, C.M.; JAMALI, D. Gendering CSR in the Arab Middle East: an institutional perspective. Business Ethics Quarterly, v. 23, n. 1, p. 31-68, 2013.); Heaphy (2013HEAPHY, E.D. Repairing breaches with rules: Maintaining institutions in the face of everyday disruptions. Organization Science, v. 24, n. 5, p. 1291-1315, 2013.). |